Genesis 42:35

Posted on February 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 42:35 His dictis, cum frumenta effunderent, singuli repererunt in ore saccorum ligatas pecunias, exterritisque simul omnibus,

When these things had been said, as they were pouring out the grain, each one found the money tied in the mouth of his sack, and all were terrified together,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 His these ABL.PL.N (DEM.PRON)
2 dictis things having been said ABL.PL.N (PERF.PASS.PTCP)
3 cum when / as CONJ
4 frumenta grain ACC.PL.N
5 effunderent they were pouring out 3PL.IMPF.ACT.SUBJ
6 singuli each one NOM.PL.M
7 repererunt they found 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
8 in in PREP+ABL
9 ore mouth ABL.SG.N
10 saccorum of the sacks GEN.PL.M
11 ligatas tied ACC.PL.F (PERF.PASS.PTCP)
12 pecunias money ACC.PL.F
13 exterritisque and terrified ABL.PL.M + -QUE
14 simul together ADV
15 omnibus all (persons) ABL.PL.M

Syntax

Ablative Absolute: His dictis — “when these things had been said.”
Temporal Clause: cum frumenta effunderent — “as they were pouring out the grain.”
Main Clause: singuli repererunt… ligatas pecunias — “each one found the money tied…”
Prepositional Phrase: in ore saccorum — “in the mouth of the sacks.”
Ablative Absolute (second): exterritisque simul omnibus — “and all being terrified together.”

Morphology

  1. His — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: with participle in ablative absolute; Translation: “these”; Notes: Refers to the previously spoken instructions.
  2. dictis — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle ablative plural neuter; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: “things having been said”; Notes: Indicates prior completed action.
  3. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: “when / as”; Notes: Uses subjunctive with temporal nuance.
  4. frumenta — Lemma: frumentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of “effunderent”; Translation: “grain”; Notes: Plural used for bulk commodity.
  5. effunderent — Lemma: effundo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active subjunctive 3rd plural; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: “they were pouring out”; Notes: Imperfect shows ongoing action.
  6. singuli — Lemma: singuli; Part of Speech: distributive adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “each one”; Notes: Stresses individual discovery.
  7. repererunt — Lemma: reperio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “they found”; Notes: Simple perfect of discovery.
  8. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: spatial placement; Translation: “in”; Notes: Indicates location.
  9. ore — Lemma: os; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: “mouth”; Notes: Refers to the opening of the sack.
  10. saccorum — Lemma: saccus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the sacks”; Notes: Indicates ownership.
  11. ligatas — Lemma: ligo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies “pecunias”; Translation: “tied”; Notes: Perfect passive participle showing prior securing.
  12. pecunias — Lemma: pecunia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object of “repererunt”; Translation: “money”; Notes: The silver returned by Joseph.
  13. exterritisque — Lemma: exterreo; Part of Speech: participle + enclitic; Form: ablative plural masculine + -que; Function: part of ablative absolute; Translation: “and terrified”; Notes: Describes emotional reaction.
  14. simul — Lemma: simul; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies ablative absolute; Translation: “together”; Notes: Indicates shared reaction.
  15. omnibus — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: “all”; Notes: Refers to the brothers collectively.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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