Exodus 9:10

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:10 Tuleruntque cinerem de camino, et steterunt coram Pharaone, et sparsit illum Moyses in cælum: factaque sunt ulcera vesicarum turgentium in hominibus, et iumentis:

And they took the ash from the furnace, and stood before Pharao, and Moyses scattered it toward heaven, and sores of swelling blisters came to be on men and on beasts;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Tuleruntque and they took 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC
2 cinerem ash ACC.SG.M
3 de from PREP+ABL
4 camino furnace ABL.SG.M
5 et and CONJ
6 steterunt stood 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
7 coram before PREP+ABL
8 Pharaone Pharaoh ABL.SG.M
9 et and CONJ
10 sparsit scattered 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
11 illum it ACC.SG.M
12 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
13 in into / toward PREP+ACC
14 cælum heaven ACC.SG.N
15 factaque and there came to be NOM.PL.N.PERF.PASS.PPL + ENCLITIC
16 sunt were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND (AUX)
17 ulcera sores NOM.PL.N
18 vesicarum of blisters GEN.PL.F
19 turgentium swelling GEN.PL.F.PRES.ACT.PPL
20 in on PREP+ABL
21 hominibus men ABL.PL.M
22 et and CONJ
23 iumentis beasts ABL.PL.N

Syntax

Clause 1:
Tuleruntque cinerem de camino — “And they took the ash from the furnace.”
• Tulerunt — main verb
• cinerem — direct object
• de camino — ablative of source

Clause 2:
et steterunt coram Pharaone — “and they stood before Pharaoh.”
• steterunt — verb
• coram Pharaone — prepositional phrase of location

Clause 3:
et sparsit illum Moyses in cælum — “and Moses scattered it toward heaven.”
• sparsit — verb
• illum — object
• in cælum — directional phrase

Clause 4 (Result Clause):
factaque sunt ulcera vesicarum turgentium — “and sores of swelling blisters came to be.”
• facta sunt — perfect passive periphrastic
• ulcera — subject
• vesicarum turgentium — genitive phrase describing the sores

Location:
in hominibus et iumentis — “on men and on beasts.”

Morphology

  1. Tuleruntque — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd plural + -que; Function: main verb; Translation: “and they took”; Notes: Links with prior narrative.
  2. cinerem — Lemma: cinis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object; Translation: “ash”; Notes: Refers to furnace ash.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates source of ash.
  4. camino — Lemma: caminus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: “furnace”; Notes: Kiln or oven.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Function: connects actions; Translation: “and”; Notes: Narrative continuation.
  6. steterunt — Lemma: sto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “stood”; Notes: Physical presence before Pharaoh.
  7. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: “before”; Notes: Face-to-face presence.
  8. Pharaone — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of coram; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: Setting of the plague sign.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Function: links further action; Translation: “and”; Notes: Narrative flow.
  10. sparsit — Lemma: spargo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “scattered”; Notes: Symbolic act initiating the plague.
  11. illum — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to the ash.
  12. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Agent performing the act.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: “into / toward”; Notes: Motion upward.
  14. cælum — Lemma: cælum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “heaven”; Notes: Symbolic of divine realm.
  15. factaque — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: participle + enclitic; Form: nominative plural neuter perfect passive participle + -que; Function: forms perfect passive periphrastic; Translation: “and were made / came to be”; Notes: Signals result.
  16. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd plural; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “were”; Notes: Helps form passive construction.
  17. ulcera — Lemma: ulcus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject; Translation: “sores”; Notes: Plague symptom.
  18. vesicarum — Lemma: vesica; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: genitive of quality; Translation: “of blisters”; Notes: Describes type of sores.
  19. turgentium — Lemma: turgeo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: genitive plural feminine present active participle; Function: modifies vesicarum; Translation: “swelling”; Notes: Indicates inflammation.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: “on”; Notes: Marks afflicted bodies.
  21. hominibus — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “men”; Notes: Human victims.
  22. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Function: links two affected groups; Translation: “and”; Notes: Coordination.
  23. iumentis — Lemma: iumentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “beasts”; Notes: Livestock victims.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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