Exodus 12:25

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:25 Cumque introieritis terram, quam Dominus daturus est vobis ut pollicitus est, observabitis ceremonias istas.

And when you shall have entered the land which the LORD will give to you as He has promised, you shall keep these ceremonies.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 introieritis you shall have entered 2PL.FUT.PERF.ACT.IND
3 terram land ACC.SG.F
4 quam which ACC.SG.F.REL
5 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
6 daturus going to give NOM.SG.M.FUT.ACT.PTCP
7 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
8 vobis to you DAT.PL
9 ut as CONJ
10 pollicitus promised NOM.SG.M.PERF.PTCP
11 est has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
12 observabitis you shall keep 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
13 ceremonias ceremonies ACC.PL.F
14 istas these ACC.PL.F.DEM

Syntax

Temporal clause:
Cumque introieritis terram — “And when you shall have entered the land”
• introieritis = future perfect verb
• terram = object

Relative clause modifying terram:
quam Dominus daturus est vobis — “which the LORD is going to give to you”
• Dominus = subject
• daturus est = periphrastic future (“is about to give”)
• vobis = indirect object

Comparative / explanatory clause:
ut pollicitus est — “as He has promised”
• pollicitus est = perfect periphrastic verb

Main clause:
observabitis ceremonias istas
• observabitis = main verb
• ceremonias istas = direct object

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum + que; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal connector; Translation: “and when”; Notes: merges cum with enclitic -que.
  2. introieritis — Lemma: introeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative second plural; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: “you shall have entered”; Notes: anticipates entrance into the land.
  3. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of verb; Translation: “land”; Notes: refers to the promised land.
  4. quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: links relative clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: agrees with terram.
  5. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  6. daturus — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: future active participle; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: part of periphrastic future; Translation: “about to give”; Notes: expresses imminent fulfillment.
  7. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “is”; Notes: forms periphrastic future.
  8. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to you”; Notes: recipients of the land.
  9. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: comparative/explanatory; Translation: “as”; Notes: introduces clause comparing action to promise.
  10. pollicitus — Lemma: polliceor; Part of Speech: deponent participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle; Function: with est forms perfect; Translation: “promised”; Notes: deponent morphology.
  11. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “has”; Notes: completes perfect periphrastic.
  12. observabitis — Lemma: observo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “you shall keep”; Notes: legal obligation.
  13. ceremonias — Lemma: ceremonia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object; Translation: “ceremonies”; Notes: ritual observances.
  14. istas — Lemma: iste; Part of Speech: demonstrative adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies ceremonias; Translation: “these”; Notes: deictic closeness.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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