Exodus 16:12

Posted on March 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 16:12 Audivi murmurationes filiorum Israel, loquere ad eos: Vespere comedetis carnes, et mane saturabimini panibus: scietisque quod ego sum Dominus Deus vester.

“I have heard the murmurings of the sons of Israel; speak to them: ‘In the evening you shall eat meat, and in the morning you shall be satisfied with bread, and you shall know that I am the LORD your God.’”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Audivi I have heard 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 murmurationes murmurings ACC.PL.F
3 filiorum of the sons GEN.PL.M
4 Israel Israel GEN.SG.M (INVAR)
5 loquere speak 2SG.PRES.DEP.IMP.MOOD
6 ad to PREP+ACC
7 eos them ACC.PL.M
8 Vespere in the evening ABL.SG.N
9 comedetis you shall eat 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
10 carnes meat ACC.PL.F
11 et and CONJ
12 mane in the morning ABL.SG.N (INDECL)
13 saturabimini you shall be satisfied 2PL.FUT.PASS.IND
14 panibus with bread ABL.PL.M
15 scietisque and you shall know 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
16 quod that CONJ
17 ego I NOM.SG
18 sum I am 1SG.PRES.ACT.IND
19 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
20 Deus God NOM.SG.M
21 vester your NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Audivi murmurationes — verb with direct object; filiorum Israel is possessive genitive.
Imperative Clause: loquere ad eos — deponent imperative commanding speech; ad eos is indirect object.
Prophetic Declaration: Vespere comedetis carnes and mane saturabimini panibus — two parallel future indicative promises.
Final Clause: scietisque quod ego sum Dominus Deus vester — knowing clause introduced by quod; full nominal predicate expressing divine identity.

Morphology

  1. Audivi — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 1st singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “I have heard”; Notes: expresses completed divine awareness.
  2. murmurationes — Lemma: murmuratio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “murmurings”; Notes: refers to complaints of Israel.
  3. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the sons”; Notes: dependent on murmurationes.
  4. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine (INVAR); Function: modifies filiorum; Translation: “of Israel”; Notes: indeclinable proper name.
  5. loquere — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: present imperative, 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: “speak”; Notes: deponent imperative with active meaning.
  6. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces indirect object; Translation: “to”; Notes: direction of speech.
  7. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “them”; Notes: refers to Israel.
  8. Vespere — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “in the evening”; Notes: time of quail.
  9. comedetis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 2nd plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “you shall eat”; Notes: prophetic promise.
  10. carnes — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “meat”; Notes: refers to quail.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple additive.
  12. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: noun (indeclinable); Form: ablative singular; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “in the morning”; Notes: contrasts with vespere.
  13. saturabimini — Lemma: saturo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future passive indicative, 2nd plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “you shall be satisfied”; Notes: passive of fullness.
  14. panibus — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: “with bread”; Notes: refers to manna.
  15. scietisque — Lemma: scio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 2nd plural, with enclitic -que; Function: coordinated future; Translation: “and you shall know”; Notes: -que links to saturabimini.
  16. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces content clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: standard for indirect statement.
  17. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: “I”; Notes: emphatic pronoun.
  18. sum — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, 1st singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “am”; Notes: copular.
  19. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: divine name.
  20. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “God”; Notes: appositional.
  21. vester — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies Deus; Translation: “your”; Notes: marks covenant relationship.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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