Exodus 22:24

Posted on March 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 22:24 et indignabitur furor meus, percutiamque vos gladio, et erunt uxores vestræ viduæ, et filii vestri pupilli.

and my fury shall grow angry, and I will strike you with the sword, and your wives shall be widows, and your sons orphans.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ.INDECL
2 indignabitur shall grow angry 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND.1ST CONJ
3 furor fury NOUN.NOM.SG.M.3RD DECL
4 meus my PRON.NOM.SG.M.POSS
5 percutiamque and I will strike 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND.3RD CONJ + ENCLITIC -QUE
6 vos you PRON.ACC.PL.M/F.PERS
7 gladio with the sword NOUN.ABL.SG.M.2ND DECL
8 et and CONJ.INDECL
9 erunt shall be 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
10 uxores wives NOUN.NOM.PL.F.3RD DECL
11 vestræ your PRON.NOM.PL.F.POSS
12 viduæ widows NOUN.NOM.PL.F.1ST DECL
13 et and CONJ.INDECL
14 filii sons NOUN.NOM.PL.M.2ND DECL
15 vestri your PRON.NOM.PL.M.POSS
16 pupilli orphans NOUN.NOM.PL.M.2ND DECL

Syntax

Clause 1: et indignabitur furor meus — deponent future verb with subject furor meus.
Clause 2: percutiamque vos gladio — -que joins this to the previous clause; gladio = ablative of means.
Clause 3: et erunt uxores vestræ viduæ — copular clause with predicate nominative viduæ.
Clause 4: et filii vestri pupilli — parallel structure; pupilli is predicate nominative.
Overall: escalating divine judgment expressed through coordinated future indicatives.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple coordinator.
  2. indignabitur — Lemma: indignor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: 3rd singular future deponent indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “shall grow angry”; Notes: deponent form with active meaning.
  3. furor — Lemma: furor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “fury”; Notes: refers to divine wrath.
  4. meus — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies furor; Translation: “my”; Notes: expresses divine possession.
  5. percutiamque — Lemma: percutio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st singular future active indicative + enclitic -que; Function: second main verb; Translation: “and I will strike”; Notes: -que links it to prior clause.
  6. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “you”; Notes: target of divine action.
  7. gladio — Lemma: gladius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: “with the sword”; Notes: instrument of punishment.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  9. erunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd plural future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “they shall be”; Notes: introduces result of judgment.
  10. uxores — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “wives”; Notes: plural of affected women.
  11. vestræ — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: modifies uxores; Translation: “your”; Notes: refers to the men addressed.
  12. viduæ — Lemma: vidua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “widows”; Notes: state resulting from divine judgment.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links final clause; Translation: “and”; Notes: sets final consequence.
  14. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “sons”; Notes: children of those judged.
  15. vestri — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies filii; Translation: “your”; Notes: parallels uxores vestræ.
  16. pupilli — Lemma: pupillus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: “orphans”; Notes: legal/social class deprived of parental protection.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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