Exodus 22:23

Posted on March 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 22:23 Si læseritis eos, vociferabuntur ad me, et ego audiam clamorem eorum:

If you harm them, they will cry out to me, and I will hear their cry;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ.INDECL
2 læseritis you harm 2PL.FUTP.ACT.IND.3RD CONJ
3 eos them PRON.ACC.PL.M.PERS
4 vociferabuntur they will cry out 3PL.FUT.DEP.IND.1ST CONJ
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 me me PRON.ACC.SG.1.PERS
7 et and CONJ.INDECL
8 ego I PRON.NOM.SG.1.PERS
9 audi am I will hear 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND.4TH CONJ
10 clamorem cry NOUN.ACC.SG.M.3RD DECL
11 eorum of them PRON.GEN.PL.M.PERS

Syntax

Conditional Protasis: Si læseritis eos — future perfect marks legally completed wrongdoing.
Main Result: vociferabuntur ad me — deponent future (“they will cry out to me”).
Second Result (Divine Response): et ego audiam clamorem eorum — subject ego is emphatic.
Case Roles:
• eos — object of violence
• clamorem — object of audiam
• eorum — possessive genitive (“their cry”)

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces legal protasis; Translation: “if”; Notes: standard law-code conditional.
  2. læseritis — Lemma: lædo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd plural future perfect active indicative; Function: verb of protasis; Translation: “you harm / you will have harmed”; Notes: future perfect expresses a completed wrongful act.
  3. eos — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object of læseritis; Translation: “them”; Notes: refers to widow and orphan from previous verse.
  4. vociferabuntur — Lemma: vociferor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: 3rd plural future deponent indicative; Function: main verb of first apodosis; Translation: “they will cry out”; Notes: deponent form with active meaning.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: marks the addressee of the cry.
  6. me — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “me”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: coordinates divine response clause.
  8. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: emphatic subject; Translation: “I”; Notes: adds authority and certainty.
  9. audi am — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st singular future active indicative; Function: main verb of divine response; Translation: “I will hear”; Notes: expresses YHWH’s guaranteed action.
  10. clamorem — Lemma: clamor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of audiam; Translation: “cry”; Notes: legal appeal language.
  11. eorum — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of them”; Notes: refers back to eos.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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