Exodus 22:27

Posted on March 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 22:27 Ipsum enim est solum, quo operitur, indumentum carnis eius, nec habet aliud in quo dormiat: si clamaverit ad me, exaudiam eum, quia misericors sum.

For it is his only covering, the garment of his flesh, and he has nothing else in which he may sleep; if he cries out to Me, I will hear him, for I am merciful.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Ipsum itself PRON.NOM.SG.N.DEM
2 enim for CONJ.INDECL
3 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
4 solum only ADJ.NOM.SG.N.POS
5 quo with which PRON.ABL.SG.N.REL
6 operitur he is covered 3SG.PRES.PASS.IND.4TH CONJ
7 indumentum garment NOUN.NOM.SG.N.2ND DECL
8 carnis of the flesh NOUN.GEN.SG.F.3RD DECL
9 eius his PRON.GEN.SG.M/F/N.POSS
10 nec and not CONJ.INDECL
11 habet he has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND.2ND CONJ
12 aliud anything else PRON.ACC.SG.N.INDEF
13 in in PREP+ABL
14 quo in which PRON.ABL.SG.N.REL
15 dormiat he may sleep 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ.4TH CONJ
16 si if CONJ.INDECL
17 clamaverit he cries out 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND.1ST CONJ
18 ad to PREP+ACC
19 me me PRON.ACC.SG.1.PERS
20 exaudi am I will hear 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND.4TH CONJ
21 eum him PRON.ACC.SG.M.PERS
22 quia for CONJ.INDECL
23 misericors merciful ADJ.NOM.SG.M/F.POS
24 sum I am 1SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Clause 1: Ipsum enim est solum — demonstrative Ipsum as emphatic subject; solum predicate adjective.
Relative Clause A: quo operitur — ablative of means, “with which he is covered.”
Noun + Genitive: indumentum carnis eius — “the garment of his flesh,” i.e., his essential covering.
Clause 2: nec habet aliud in quo dormiat — negative clause with subjunctive in relative clause of purpose.
Conditional: si clamaverit ad me — future perfect expressing completed appeal.
Main Result: exaudi am eum — divine promise of hearing.
Causal Clause: quia misericors sum — expresses divine motive.

Morphology

  1. Ipsum — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: emphatic subject; Translation: “itself”; Notes: intensifies reference to the garment.
  2. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces explanation; Translation: “for”; Notes: explanatory connective.
  3. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: links subject and predicate.
  4. solum — Lemma: solus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “only”; Notes: expresses exclusivity.
  5. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: expresses instrument; Translation: “with which”; Notes: ablative of means.
  6. operitur — Lemma: operio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular present passive indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: “he is covered”; Notes: passive form.
  7. indumentum — Lemma: indumentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject complement; Translation: “garment”; Notes: describes essential covering.
  8. carnis — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: “of flesh”; Notes: specifies type of garment.
  9. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: modifies carnis; Translation: “his”; Notes: refers back to borrower.
  10. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces negative clause; Translation: “and not”; Notes: strengthens negation.
  11. habet — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular present active indicative; Function: verb of clause; Translation: “he has”; Notes: expresses lack of alternatives.
  12. aliud — Lemma: alius; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: “anything else”; Notes: expresses complete lack.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: “in”; Notes: spatial/functional use.
  14. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “in which”; Notes: introduces place/purpose clause.
  15. dormiat — Lemma: dormio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of relative clause of purpose; Translation: “he may sleep”; Notes: expresses necessity.
  16. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces protasis; Translation: “if”; Notes: legal conditional.
  17. clamaverit — Lemma: clamo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular future perfect active indicative; Function: completed cry for help; Translation: “he cries out”; Notes: legal appeal language.
  18. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: marks addressee of cry.
  19. me — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “me”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  20. exaudi am — Lemma: exaudio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st singular future active indicative; Function: divine response; Translation: “I will hear”; Notes: assurance of compassion.
  21. eum — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of exaudi am; Translation: “him”; Notes: borrower in distress.
  22. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces reason; Translation: “for”; Notes: causal conjunction.
  23. misericors — Lemma: misericors; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine/feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “merciful”; Notes: divine attribute.
  24. sum — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st singular present active indicative; Function: verb of causal clause; Translation: “I am”; Notes: emphasizes divine character.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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