Exodus 22:30

Posted on March 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 22:30 De bobus quoque, et ovibus similiter facies: septem diebus sit cum matre sua, die octava reddes illum mihi.

Of oxen likewise, and of sheep you shall do the same: for seven days it shall be with its mother, on the eighth day you shall give it to me.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 De of PREP+ABL
2 bobus oxen NOUN.ABL.PL.M.2ND DECL
3 quoque also ADV.INDECL
4 et and CONJ.INDECL
5 ovibus sheep NOUN.ABL.PL.F.3RD DECL
6 similiter likewise ADV.INDECL
7 facies you shall do 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND.3RD CONJ
8 septem seven ADJ.INDECL.NUM
9 diebus days NOUN.ABL.PL.M.5TH DECL
10 sit it shall be 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ.IRR
11 cum with PREP+ABL
12 matre mother NOUN.ABL.SG.F.3RD DECL
13 sua its PRON.ABL.SG.F.REFL
14 die on the day NOUN.ABL.SG.M.5TH DECL
15 octava eighth ADJ.ABL.SG.F.POS
16 reddes you shall give back 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND.3RD CONJ
17 illum it PRON.ACC.SG.M.DEM
18 mihi to me PRON.DAT.SG.1.PERS

Syntax

Topical Phrase: De bobus … et ovibus — ablative with de introducing sacrificial/ritual category.
Main Command: similiter facies — future indicative as legal directive.
Temporal Requirement: septem diebus sit cum matre sua — subjunctive sit used as jussive command.
Final Obligation: die octava reddes illum mihi — illum = firstborn animal; mihi is dative referring to YHWH.

Morphology

  1. De — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces subject matter; Translation: “of”; Notes: used for topical categories in law.
  2. bobus — Lemma: bos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: “oxen”; Notes: irregular 2nd declension forms.
  3. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds inclusion; Translation: “also”; Notes: applies rule to cattle.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links categories; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple coordinator.
  5. ovibus — Lemma: ovis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of de implied; Translation: “sheep”; Notes: applies same law to small livestock.
  6. similiter — Lemma: similiter; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies facies; Translation: “likewise”; Notes: signals identical procedure.
  7. facies — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd singular future active indicative; Function: main verb of instruction; Translation: “you shall do”; Notes: legal future command.
  8. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies diebus; Translation: “seven”; Notes: ritual number.
  9. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative of time within which; Translation: “days”; Notes: indicates time period of staying with mother.
  10. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular present active subjunctive; Function: jussive command; Translation: “it shall be”; Notes: expresses obligation.
  11. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment; Translation: “with”; Notes: standard preposition.
  12. matre — Lemma: mater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of cum; Translation: “mother”; Notes: refers to the dam of the animal.
  13. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: reflexive possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies matre; Translation: “its”; Notes: reflexive, referring to the animal.
  14. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of time; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: sets the moment of the action.
  15. octava — Lemma: octavus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies die; Translation: “eighth”; Notes: ritual time requirement.
  16. reddes — Lemma: reddo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd singular future active indicative; Function: main verb of final obligation; Translation: “you shall give back”; Notes: legal command.
  17. illum — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “it”; Notes: refers to the firstborn animal.
  18. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to me”; Notes: refers to YHWH, the divine recipient.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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