Numeri 1:5 (Numbers 1:5)

Posted on April 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 1:5 quorum ista sunt nomina: De Ruben, Elisur filius Sedeur.

of whom these are the names: From Ruben, Elisur the son of Sedeur.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quorum of whom GEN.PL.M.REL
2 ista these NOM.PL.N.DEM
3 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
4 nomina names NOM.PL.N
5 De from PREP+ABL
6 Ruben Reuben INDECL
7 Elisur Elizur INDECL
8 filius son NOM.SG.M
9 Sedeur Shedeur INDECL

Syntax

Relative Clause: quorum — genitive relative pronoun referring back to the chiefs mentioned previously.

Identification Clause: ista nomina sunt — predicate construction introducing the list of names.

Tribal Attribution: De Ruben — prepositional phrase identifying the tribe.

Name Phrase: Elisur filius Sedeur — nominative apposition identifying the leader and his paternal lineage.

Morphology

  1. quorum — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: introduces the relative clause referring to the previously mentioned leaders; Translation: of whom; Notes: Connects the list of names with the group of tribal chiefs.
  2. ista — Lemma: iste; Part of Speech: demonstrative adjective; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: modifier of nomina; Translation: these; Notes: Points to the names that are about to be listed.
  3. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person plural; Function: copulative verb linking subject and predicate; Translation: are; Notes: Establishes the identification statement introducing the list.
  4. nomina — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of sunt; Translation: names; Notes: Indicates the enumeration of specific individuals.
  5. De — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces tribal origin; Translation: from; Notes: Used here to designate the tribe to which the leader belongs.
  6. Ruben — Lemma: Ruben; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: object of the preposition De; Translation: Ruben; Notes: The name of the tribe descending from the firstborn son of Yaʿaqov.
  7. Elisur — Lemma: Elisur; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine indeclinable; Function: subject of the implied identification within the list; Translation: Elisur; Notes: The leader representing the tribe of Ruben.
  8. filius — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition identifying lineage; Translation: son; Notes: Introduces the patronymic identification.
  9. Sedeur — Lemma: Sedeur; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitival relationship implied with filius; Translation: Sedeur; Notes: The father of Elisur, included to specify the individual precisely.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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