Exodus 23:22

Posted on March 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 23:22 Quod si audieris vocem eius, et feceris omnia quæ loquor, inimicus ero inimicis tuis, et affligam affligentes te.

But if you will hear His voice and do all that I speak, I will be an enemy to your enemies and I will afflict those who afflict you.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but if CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 audieris you will hear 2SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
4 vocem voice ACC.SG.F 3RD DECL
5 eius his GEN.SG.M PRON POSS
6 et and CONJ
7 feceris you will do 2SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
8 omnia all things ACC.PL.N 3RD DECL
9 quæ which NOM.PL.N PRON REL
10 loquor I speak 1SG.PRES.DEP.IND
11 inimicus enemy NOM.SG.M ADJ
12 ero I will be 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
13 inimicis to enemies DAT.PL.M 3RD DECL
14 tuis your DAT.PL.M POSS
15 et and CONJ
16 affligam I will afflict 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
17 affligentes those afflicting ACC.PL.M PTCP.PRES.ACT
18 te you ACC.SG PRON PERS

Syntax

Conditional Protasis:
Quod si audieris vocem eius — “But if you will hear His voice.”
• audieris = future perfect → action completed before consequence.
• vocem eius = object + possessive genitive.

et feceris omnia quæ loquor — “and do all that I speak.”
• feceris = future perfect.
• omnia quæ loquor = object clause with relative pronoun.

Apodosis:
inimicus ero inimicis tuis — “I will be an enemy to your enemies.”
• inimicus = predicate nominative.
• inimicis tuis = dative of disadvantage.

et affligam affligentes te — “and I will afflict those who afflict you.”
• affligentes = substantive present participle.
• te = direct object.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces strengthened condition; Translation: but if; Notes: intensifies *si*.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: conditional marker; Translation: if; Notes: introduces protasis.
  3. audieris — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative, 2nd singular; Function: verb of protasis; Translation: you will hear; Notes: action precedes apodosis.
  4. vocem — Lemma: vox; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of audieris; Translation: voice; Notes: direct object.
  5. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies vocem; Translation: his; Notes: dependent genitive.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links protasis clauses; Translation: and; Notes: coordination.
  7. feceris — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative, 2nd singular; Function: verb of second protasis; Translation: you will do; Notes: parallels audieris.
  8. omnia — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective/substantive; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of feceris; Translation: all things; Notes: neuter used substantively.
  9. quæ — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with omnia.
  10. loquor — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: present indicative, 1st singular; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: I speak; Notes: deponent form.
  11. inimicus — Lemma: inimicus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: enemy; Notes: used substantively.
  12. ero — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 1st singular; Function: main verb of apodosis; Translation: I will be; Notes: expresses divine stance.
  13. inimicis — Lemma: inimicus; Part of Speech: adjective/noun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to enemies; Notes: dative of disadvantage.
  14. tuis — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: modifies inimicis; Translation: your; Notes: agrees with inimicis.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links second apodosis verb; Translation: and; Notes: coordination.
  16. affligam — Lemma: affligo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 1st singular; Function: second main verb of apodosis; Translation: I will afflict; Notes: divine retribution.
  17. affligentes — Lemma: affligo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural masculine, present active; Function: substantive participle; Translation: those afflicting; Notes: describes hostile agents.
  18. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of affligentes; Translation: you; Notes: Israel as object of hostility.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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