Exodus 24:12

Posted on March 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 24:12 Dixit autem Dominus ad Moysen: Ascende ad me in montem, et esto ibi: daboque tibi tabulas lapideas, et legem ac mandata quæ scripsi: ut doceas eos.

And the LORD said to Moses, “Ascend to Me on the mountain and be there; and I will give you tablets of stone, and the law and the commandments which I have written, so that you may teach them.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 autem however ADV
3 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M 2ND DECL
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M 3RD DECL
6 Ascende ascend 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
7 ad to PREP+ACC
8 me me ACC.SG PRON PERS
9 in on / in PREP+ACC
10 montem mountain ACC.SG.M 3RD DECL
11 et and CONJ
12 esto be 2SG.FUT.ACT.IMP.MOOD
13 ibi there ADV
14 daboque and I will give 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND + CONJ
15 tibi to you DAT.SG PRON PERS
16 tabulas tablets ACC.PL.F 1ST DECL
17 lapideas stone ACC.PL.F ADJ
18 et and CONJ
19 legem law ACC.SG.F 3RD DECL
20 ac and CONJ
21 mandata commandments ACC.PL.N 1ST DECL
22 quæ which NOM.PL.N PRON REL
23 scripsi I have written 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND
24 ut so that CONJ
25 doceas you may teach 2SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
26 eos them ACC.PL.M PRON PERS

Syntax

Main Narrative Frame:
Dixit autem Dominus ad Moysen — “And the LORD said to Moses”
• Dixit = main verb.
• Dominus = subject.
• ad Moysen = indirect object.

Command Sequence:
Ascende … et esto ibi
• two imperatives: “Ascend” and “be there.”

Promise of Revelation:
daboque tibi tabulas lapideas, et legem ac mandata
• daboque = future giving action.
• tibi = recipient.
• multiple coordinated objects: tablets, law, commandments.

Relative Clause:
quæ scripsi — “which I have written”

Purpose Clause:
ut doceas eos — “so that you may teach them.”

Morphology

  1. Dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: said; Notes: introduces divine speech.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: mild connective; Translation: however; Notes: contrasts or transitions.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: + accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: governs Moysen.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moses; Notes: Greek declension.
  6. Ascende — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperative, present active, 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: ascend; Notes: initiates divine instruction.
  7. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: + accusative; Function: direction toward God; Translation: to; Notes: links with me.
  8. me — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: me; Notes: God speaking.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: + accusative; Function: location with motion; Translation: onto / on; Notes: motion toward mountain.
  10. montem — Lemma: mons; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: mountain; Notes: Mount Sinai.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links imperatives; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordination.
  12. esto — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active imperative, 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: be; Notes: stronger form than regular imperative.
  13. ibi — Lemma: ibi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: locative; Translation: there; Notes: presence on mountain.
  14. daboque — Lemma: do + -que; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: future active indicative, 1st singular; Function: divine promise; Translation: and I will give; Notes: enclitic adds emphasis.
  15. tibi — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to you; Notes: recipient.
  16. tabulas — Lemma: tabula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: tablets; Notes: refers to stone tablets.
  17. lapideas — Lemma: lapideus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies tabulas; Translation: stone; Notes: material description.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: linking object nouns; Translation: and; Notes: coordination.
  19. legem — Lemma: lex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: law; Notes: moral law.
  20. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: stronger connector; Translation: and; Notes: joins mandata.
  21. mandata — Lemma: mandatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: commandments; Notes: divine instructions.
  22. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of scripsi; Translation: which; Notes: refers to mandata + lex + tabulas.
  23. scripsi — Lemma: scribo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 1st singular; Function: main verb of relative clause; Translation: I have written; Notes: colon after this word preserved per user instruction.
  24. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: so that; Notes: governs subjunctive.
  25. doceas — Lemma: doceo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive, 2nd singular; Function: purpose; Translation: you may teach; Notes: goal of receiving the law.
  26. eos — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of doceas; Translation: them; Notes: refers to Israel.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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