Exodus 25:12

Posted on March 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 25:12 et quattuor circulos aureos, quos pones per quattuor arcæ angulos: duo circuli sint in latere uno, et duo in altero.

and four golden rings, which you shall place on the four corners of the ark; two rings shall be on one side, and two on the other.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 quattuor four ACC.PL.M.ADJ
3 circulos rings ACC.PL.M.NOUN.2ND DECL
4 aureos golden ACC.PL.M.ADJ
5 quos which ACC.PL.M.PRON.REL
6 pones you shall place 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 per through / on PREP+ACC
8 quattuor four ACC.PL.M.ADJ
9 arcæ of the ark GEN.SG.F.NOUN.1ST DECL
10 angulos corners ACC.PL.M.NOUN.2ND DECL
11 duo two NOM.PL.M.ADJ
12 circuli rings NOM.PL.M.NOUN.2ND DECL
13 sint shall be 3PL.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
14 in in PREP+ABL
15 latere side ABL.SG.N.NOUN.3RD DECL
16 uno one ABL.SG.M.ADJ
17 et and CONJ
18 duo two NOM.PL.M.ADJ
19 in in PREP+ABL
20 altero the other ABL.SG.M.ADJ

Syntax

Main construction command: quattuor circulos aureos forms the direct object of the implied instruction.
Relative clause: quos pones per quattuor arcæ angulos specifies placement of the rings on the four corners.
Independent clause of distribution: duo circuli sint in latere uno expresses how the rings are divided.
Coordinated counterpart: et duo in altero completes the distribution across the opposite side.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links actions; Translation: and; Notes: joins instructions.
  2. quattuor — Lemma: quattuor; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine (invariable); Function: quantifier; Translation: four; Notes: numeral adjective.
  3. circulos — Lemma: circulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: rings; Notes: refers to metal ring fittings.
  4. aureos — Lemma: aureus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies circulos; Translation: golden; Notes: describes composition.
  5. quos — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers to the rings.
  6. pones — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second singular future active indicative; Function: command; Translation: you shall place; Notes: instruction to Moses.
  7. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial distribution; Translation: through / on; Notes: indicates placement across corners.
  8. quattuor — Lemma: quattuor; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: quantifier; Translation: four; Notes: modifies angulos.
  9. arcæ — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: possession; Translation: of the ark; Notes: refers to the Ark of the Covenant.
  10. angulos — Lemma: angulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: corners; Notes: corner-structure of the ark.
  11. duo — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: two; Notes: numeral.
  12. circuli — Lemma: circulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject complement; Translation: rings; Notes: distributed set.
  13. sint — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third plural present active subjunctive; Function: jussive; Translation: shall be; Notes: expresses intended state.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: marks position.
  15. latere — Lemma: latus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: side; Notes: structural element.
  16. uno — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies latere; Translation: one; Notes: contrasts with the other side.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: joins parallel clause.
  18. duo — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: two; Notes: second pair.
  19. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: marks placement.
  20. altero — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies implied latere; Translation: the other; Notes: contrasts with uno.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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