Exodus 40:32

Posted on March 31, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 40:32 operuit nubes tabernaculum testimonii, et gloria Domini implevit illud.

the cloud covered the tabernacle of the testimony, and the glory of the LORD filled it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 operuit covered 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 nubes cloud NOM.SG.F.3RD.DECL
3 tabernaculum tabernacle ACC.SG.N.2ND.DECL
4 testimonii of the testimony GEN.SG.N.2ND.DECL
5 et and CONJ
6 gloria glory NOM.SG.F.1ST.DECL
7 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M.2ND.DECL
8 implevit filled 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
9 illud it ACC.SG.N.PRON.DEM

Syntax

Clause 1:
• operuit nubes tabernaculum testimonii — “the cloud covered the tabernacle of the testimony”
— nubes = subject
— tabernaculum testimonii = object + genitive identifier

Clause 2:
• et gloria Domini implevit illud — “and the glory of the LORD filled it”
— gloria Domini = compound subject phrase (noun + genitive)
— illud = object referring back to the tabernacle

Morphology

  1. operuit — Lemma: operio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of first clause; Translation: covered; Notes: describes the sudden descent of the divine cloud.
  2. nubes — Lemma: nubes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine 3rd declension; Function: subject; Translation: cloud; Notes: often symbolizes divine presence.
  3. tabernaculum — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter 2nd declension; Function: direct object; Translation: tabernacle; Notes: the sanctuary structure filled by the Presence.
  4. testimonii — Lemma: testimonium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter 2nd declension; Function: modifies tabernaculum; Translation: of the testimony; Notes: marks it as the dwelling of the covenant tablets.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: connects two parallel divine actions.
  6. gloria — Lemma: gloria; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine 1st declension; Function: subject of second clause; Translation: glory; Notes: signifies the visible manifestation of YHWH.
  7. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine 2nd declension; Function: genitive modifying gloria; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  8. implevit — Lemma: impleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of second clause; Translation: filled; Notes: expresses overwhelming divine presence inside the sanctuary.
  9. illud — Lemma: ille, illa, illud; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter demonstrative; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: refers to the tabernacle.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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