Genesis 10:2

Posted on January 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 10:2 Filii Iapheth: Gomer, et Magog, et Madai, et Iavan, et Thubal, et Mosoch, et Thiras.

The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Thubal, and Mosoch, and Thiras.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Filii sons N.NOM.PL.M
2 Iapheth of Japheth N.GEN.SG.M
3 Gomer Gomer N.NOM.SG.M
4 et and CONJ
5 Magog Magog N.NOM.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 Madai Madai N.NOM.SG.M
8 et and CONJ
9 Iavan Javan N.NOM.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 Thubal Tubal N.NOM.SG.M
12 et and CONJ
13 Mosoch Meshech N.NOM.SG.M
14 et and CONJ
15 Thiras Tiras N.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Heading Phrase: Filii Iapheth — nominative subject with possessive genitive, introducing a list: “The sons of Japheth.”
Appositive Enumeration: Gomer … Thiras — each name stands in apposition to Filii, with repeated et linking each coordinate item for rhythmic emphasis.

Morphology

  1. Filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative plural masculine; Function: Subject heading for the genealogy; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Introduces the list of descendants.
  2. Iapheth — Lemma: Iapheth; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Genitive singular masculine; Function: Possessive genitive modifying Filii; Translation: “of Japheth”; Notes: Marks parentage of the listed sons.
  3. Gomer — Lemma: Gomer; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Apposition to Filii; Translation: “Gomer”; Notes: First-named descendant.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable; Function: Coordinates list items; Translation: “and”; Notes: Paratactic style typical of biblical lists.
  5. Magog — Lemma: Magog; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Apposition to Filii; Translation: “Magog”; Notes: Second descendant named.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable; Function: Coordinates with preceding and following names; Translation: “and”; Notes: Maintains list cadence.
  7. Madai — Lemma: Madai; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Apposition; Translation: “Madai”; Notes: Third in sequence.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable; Function: Coordinator; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the enumeration.
  9. Iavan — Lemma: Iavan; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Apposition; Translation: “Javan”; Notes: Fourth descendant.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable; Function: Coordinator; Translation: “and”; Notes: Repetitive linkage preserves parallelism.
  11. Thubal — Lemma: Thubal; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Apposition; Translation: “Tubal”; Notes: Fifth descendant.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable; Function: Coordinator; Translation: “and”; Notes: Keeps the list’s symmetric structure.
  13. Mosoch — Lemma: Mosoch; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Apposition; Translation: “Meshech”; Notes: Sixth descendant.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable; Function: Coordinator; Translation: “and”; Notes: Penultimate linker in the chain.
  15. Thiras — Lemma: Thiras; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Apposition concluding the list; Translation: “Tiras”; Notes: Seventh and final name in Japheth’s sons.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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