Leviticus 5:4

Posted on April 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 5:4 Anima, quæ iuraverit, et protulerit labiis suis ut vel male quid faceret, vel bene, et idipsum iuramento et sermone firmaverit, oblitaque postea intellexerit delictum suum,

A person who has sworn, and has uttered with his lips either to do evil or to do good, and has confirmed the same by oath and speech, and afterwards having forgotten has realized his offense,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Anima a person NOUN, NOM.SG.F
2 quæ who PRON, NOM.SG.F, REL
3 iuraverit has sworn VERB, 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
4 et and CONJ
5 protulerit has uttered VERB, 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
6 labiis with (her) lips NOUN, ABL.PL.N
7 suis her PRON, ABL.PL.N, POSS
8 ut that / in order that CONJ
9 vel or CONJ
10 male evil ADV
11 quid anything PRON, ACC.SG.N, INDEF
12 faceret she might do VERB, 3SG.IMP.ACT.SUBJ
13 vel or CONJ
14 bene good ADV
15 et and CONJ
16 idipsum the same thing PRON, ACC.SG.N
17 iuramento with an oath NOUN, ABL.SG.N
18 et and CONJ
19 sermone with speech NOUN, ABL.SG.M
20 firmaverit has confirmed VERB, 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
21 oblitaque and having forgotten PTCP, NOM.SG.F, PERF.PASS (DEP) + ENCLITIC -que
22 postea afterwards ADV
23 intellexerit has realized VERB, 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
24 delictum offense NOUN, ACC.SG.N
25 suum her PRON, ACC.SG.N, POSS

Syntax

Anima quæ iuraverit — subject + relative clause describing the person.
et protulerit labiis suis — coordinated action of swearing and speaking aloud.
ut vel male quid faceret vel bene — purpose/intent clause with contrastive vel…vel.
et idipsum iuramento et sermone firmaverit — further strengthening of oath.
oblitaque postea intellexerit delictum suum — temporal-conditional clause introducing guilt-realization.

Morphology

  1. Anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: a person; Notes: legally represents any individual.
  2. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: agrees with anima.
  3. iuraverit — Lemma: iuro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: action of sworn oath; Translation: has sworn; Notes: legal future-perfect formula.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: links verbal actions.
  5. protulerit — Lemma: profero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: second oath-related action; Translation: has uttered; Notes: vocal expression of oath.
  6. labiis — Lemma: labium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: ablative of instrument; Translation: with (her) lips; Notes: organ of speech.
  7. suis — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: modifies labiis; Translation: her; Notes: reflexive.
  8. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: that; Notes: expresses intent.
  9. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: first alternative; Translation: or; Notes: used in vel…vel.
  10. male — Lemma: male; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies faceret; Translation: evil; Notes: adverb of manner.
  11. quid — Lemma: quid; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of faceret; Translation: anything; Notes: indefinite.
  12. faceret — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: she might do; Notes: expresses potential action.
  13. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: second alternative; Translation: or; Notes: continues vel…vel structure.
  14. bene — Lemma: bene; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies faceret (implied); Translation: good; Notes: contrast to male.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: connects clause of confirmation.
  16. idipsum — Lemma: idipsum; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of firmaverit; Translation: the same thing; Notes: emphatic form.
  17. iuramento — Lemma: iuramentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with an oath; Notes: instrument of confirmation.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links ablatives; Translation: and; Notes: parallels iuramento and sermone.
  19. sermone — Lemma: sermo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with speech; Notes: verbal confirmation.
  20. firmaverit — Lemma: firmo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: confirms oath; Translation: has confirmed; Notes: legal finalization.
  21. oblitaque — Lemma: obliviscor + -que; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive (deponent) participle + enclitic; Function: describes subject; Translation: and having forgotten; Notes: deponent meaning “having forgotten.”
  22. postea — Lemma: postea; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: temporal modifier; Translation: afterwards; Notes: marks time of realization.
  23. intellexerit — Lemma: intelligo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: realization event; Translation: has realized; Notes: legal awareness.
  24. delictum — Lemma: delictum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of intellexerit; Translation: offense; Notes: refers to legal guilt.
  25. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies delictum; Translation: her; Notes: reflexive reference to anima.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Leviticus. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.