Leviticus 7:4

Posted on April 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 7:4 Duos renunculos, et pinguedinem quæ iuxta ilia est, reticulumque iecoris cum renunculis.

Two kidneys, and the fat which is beside the flanks, and the lobe of the liver with the kidneys.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Duos two ACC.PL.M
2 renunculos kidneys ACC.PL.M
3 et and CONJ
4 pinguedinem the fat ACC.SG.F
5 quæ which REL.NOM.SG.F
6 iuxta beside PREP+ACC
7 ilia the flanks ACC.PL.N
8 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
9 reticulumque and the lobe ACC.SG.N
10 iecoris of the liver GEN.SG.N
11 cum with PREP+ABL
12 renunculis the kidneys ABL.PL.M

Syntax

Main Object Series: Duos renunculos + pinguedinem — coordinated accusative objects continuing the list of sacrificial portions
Relative Clause: quæ iuxta ilia est — modifies pinguedinem by specifying location
Additional Object: reticulumque iecoris — further sacrificial element joined by enclitic coordination
Prepositional Phrase: cum renunculis — accompaniment specifying inclusion with the kidneys

Morphology

  1. Duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective (numeral); Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifier of renunculos; Translation: two; Notes: Specifies the exact number of organs required.
  2. renunculos — Lemma: renunculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: kidneys; Notes: Designated internal organs reserved for altar offering.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates objects; Translation: and; Notes: Links items in the sacrificial list.
  4. pinguedinem — Lemma: pinguedo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: the fat; Notes: Fat portions are consistently reserved for burning on the altar.
  5. quæ — Lemma: qui, quæ, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Agrees with pinguedinem in gender and number.
  6. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces a spatial phrase; Translation: beside; Notes: Indicates close physical proximity.
  7. ilia — Lemma: ilium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter, second declension; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: the flanks; Notes: Refers to the sides of the animal near the internal organs.
  8. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula of the relative clause; Translation: is; Notes: States an identifying relation.
  9. reticulumque — Lemma: reticulum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, second declension, with enclitic conjunction; Function: direct object coordinated with preceding items; Translation: and the lobe; Notes: The enclitic -que joins this item closely to the preceding list.
  10. iecoris — Lemma: iecur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter, third declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying reticulum; Translation: of the liver; Notes: Specifies the organ to which the lobe belongs.
  11. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: Indicates inclusion alongside other parts.
  12. renunculis — Lemma: renunculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, second declension; Function: object of cum; Translation: the kidneys; Notes: Repeats the organ to emphasize collective offering.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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