Leviticus 7:5

Posted on April 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 7:5 et adolebit ea sacerdos super altare: incensum est Domini pro delicto.

And the priest shall burn them on the altar; it is an offering by fire of the LORD for guilt.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 adolebit shall burn 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 ea them ACC.PL.N
4 sacerdos the priest NOM.SG.C
5 super upon PREP+ACC
6 altare the altar ACC.SG.N
7 incensum an offering by fire NOM.SG.N.PTCP.PERF.PASS
8 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
9 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
10 pro for PREP+ABL
11 delicto guilt ABL.SG.N

Syntax

Main Clause: sacerdos (subject) + adolebit (verb)
Direct Object: ea — the designated portions previously listed
Prepositional Phrase: super altare — locus of the ritual action
Copulative Clause: incensum (predicate nominative) + est (copula)
Genitive Phrase: Domini — indicates divine ownership
Prepositional Phrase: pro delicto — states the sacrificial purpose

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates this action with the preceding instructions; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the ritual sequence.
  2. adolebit — Lemma: adoleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: shall burn; Notes: Refers specifically to burning as an offering on the altar.
  3. ea — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of adolebit; Translation: them; Notes: Summarizes the sacrificial portions previously enumerated.
  4. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular common gender, third declension; Function: subject; Translation: the priest; Notes: Identifies the authorized cultic officiant.
  5. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces a locative phrase; Translation: upon; Notes: Indicates contact with the altar surface.
  6. altare — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, third declension; Function: object of super; Translation: the altar; Notes: The central site of sacrificial burning.
  7. incensum — Lemma: incendo; Part of Speech: participle used substantively; Form: nominative singular neuter perfect passive participle; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: an offering by fire; Notes: Technical cultic term for a burnt offering.
  8. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States the enduring sacrificial classification.
  9. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, second declension; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the recipient of the offering.
  10. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces purpose; Translation: for; Notes: Commonly marks sacrificial intent.
  11. delicto — Lemma: delictum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, second declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: guilt; Notes: Specifies the expiatory reason for the sacrifice.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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