Leviticus 11:7

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:7 Et sus: qui cum ungulam dividat, non ruminat.

And the pig; which although it divides the hoof, does not chew the cud.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 sus pig NOM.SG.M
3 qui which REL.NOM.SG.M
4 cum although CONJ
5 ungulam hoof ACC.SG.F
6 dividat divides 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
7 non not ADV
8 ruminat chews the cud 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Coordinator: Et — continues the list of prohibited animals
Subject: sus — specific animal under evaluation
Relative Clause: qui cum ungulam dividat non ruminat — concessive-relative construction
Concessive Marker: cum — introduces an admitted trait
Main Disqualification: non ruminat — decisive criterion for impurity

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links this example with the preceding animals.
  2. sus — Lemma: sus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: pig; Notes: Classic example of an animal forbidden for consumption.
  3. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to sus.
  4. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: concessive; Translation: although; Notes: Introduces a conceded characteristic.
  5. ungulam — Lemma: ungula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: hoof; Notes: Physical trait under consideration.
  6. dividat — Lemma: divido; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb in concessive clause; Translation: divides; Notes: Subjunctive governed by concessive cum.
  7. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Denies fulfillment of the second criterion.
  8. ruminat — Lemma: rumino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: predicate of relative clause; Translation: chews the cud; Notes: Failure to ruminate renders the animal unclean.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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