Leviticus 13:10

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:10 et videbit eum. Cumque color albus in cute fuerit, et capillorum mutaverit aspectum, ipsa quoque caro viva apparuerit:

and he shall look at him. And when a white color shall be in the skin, and it has changed the appearance of the hairs, and the living flesh itself has also appeared;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 videbit he shall see 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 eum him ACC.SG.M PERS.PRON
4 Cumque and when CONJ
5 color color NOM.SG.M
6 albus white NOM.SG.M ADJ.POS
7 in in PREP+ABL
8 cute skin ABL.SG.F
9 fuerit has been 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
10 et and CONJ
11 capillorum of hairs GEN.PL.M
12 mutaverit has changed 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
13 aspectum appearance ACC.SG.M
14 ipsa itself NOM.SG.F DEM.PRON
15 quoque also ADV
16 caro flesh NOM.SG.F
17 viva living NOM.SG.F ADJ.POS
18 apparuerit has appeared 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT

Syntax

Main Clause: videbit eum states the priest’s act of inspection.
Temporal-Circumstantial Clause: Cumque color albus in cute fuerit introduces the observed condition using a perfect subjunctive.
Coordinated Result: et capillorum mutaverit aspectum adds a diagnostic change affecting the hair’s appearance.
Additional Sign: ipsa quoque caro viva apparuerit introduces another decisive symptom with emphatic pronoun and adverb.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the procedural narrative.
  2. videbit — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall see; Notes: Refers to priestly examination.
  3. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: him; Notes: The person under inspection.
  4. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction with enclitic; Form: temporal; Function: introduces circumstance; Translation: and when; Notes: Combines temporal marker with coordination.
  5. color — Lemma: color; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: color; Notes: Visual diagnostic feature.
  6. albus — Lemma: albus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine positive; Function: modifies color; Translation: white; Notes: Sign of severity in skin disease.
  7. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: in; Notes: Specifies bodily site.
  8. cute — Lemma: cutis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: skin; Notes: External surface of the body.
  9. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: has been; Notes: Subjunctive used with cum.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates results; Translation: and; Notes: Links observed effects.
  11. capillorum — Lemma: capillus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies aspectum; Translation: of hairs; Notes: Hair color and state are diagnostic.
  12. mutaverit — Lemma: muto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of result; Translation: has changed; Notes: Indicates transformation.
  13. aspectum — Lemma: aspectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: appearance; Notes: Visual manifestation.
  14. ipsa — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: emphasizes subject; Translation: itself; Notes: Adds emphasis to caro.
  15. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adds inclusion; Translation: also; Notes: Introduces an additional sign.
  16. caro — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: flesh; Notes: Living tissue beneath the skin.
  17. viva — Lemma: vivus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine positive; Function: modifies caro; Translation: living; Notes: Indicates exposed healthy tissue.
  18. apparuerit — Lemma: appareo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: has appeared; Notes: Subjunctive with cum indicating circumstance.

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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