Leviticus 13:16

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:16 Quod si rursum versa fuerit in alborem, et totum hominem operuerit,

But if again it shall have turned into whiteness, and has covered the whole man,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 rursum again ADV
4 versa turned NOM.SG.F PTCP.PERF.PASS
5 fuerit shall have been 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
6 in into PREP+ACC
7 alborem whiteness ACC.SG.M
8 et and CONJ
9 totum the whole ACC.SG.M ADJ.POS
10 hominem man ACC.SG.M
11 operuerit has covered 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT

Syntax

Conditional Frame: Quod si introduces an alternative legal condition.
Adverbial Modifier: rursum marks recurrence.
Periphrastic Change: versa fuerit in alborem expresses completed transformation using participle + perfect subjunctive.
Extent Clause: et totum hominem operuerit states total coverage as the decisive criterion.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces contrastive condition; Translation: but; Notes: Common legal connective with si.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: introduces condition; Translation: if; Notes: Opens a hypothetical case.
  3. rursum — Lemma: rursum; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies the verbal idea; Translation: again; Notes: Indicates recurrence.
  4. versa — Lemma: verto; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive; Function: predicate participle; Translation: turned; Notes: Describes completed change.
  5. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: auxiliary in conditional clause; Translation: shall have been; Notes: Subjunctive marks contingency.
  6. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: marks result; Translation: into; Notes: Indicates transformation.
  7. alborem — Lemma: albor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: whiteness; Notes: Diagnostic state of the skin.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Joins conditions.
  9. totum — Lemma: totus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies hominem; Translation: the whole; Notes: Emphasizes totality.
  10. hominem — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: man; Notes: The affected individual.
  11. operuerit — Lemma: operio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of condition; Translation: has covered; Notes: Indicates complete coverage.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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