Leviticus 22:17

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:17 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:

And the LORD spoke to Moyses, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and having spoken PERF.PTCP.DEP.NOM.SG.M+CONJ
2 est is/was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
6 dicens saying PRES.PTCP.ACT.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Dominus (Subject) + est (Auxiliary Verb) + locutus (Deponent Perfect Participle forming a perfect periphrastic sense).
Coordinating Particle: -que — links this speech act to the preceding divine instruction.
Prepositional Phrase: ad Moysen — indirect object indicating the recipient of revelation.
Participial Expansion: dicens — introduces the content of the ensuing divine speech.

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent participle + enclitic conjunction); Form: perfect participle nominative masculine singular with enclitic -que; Function: forms the verbal idea with est and coordinates with prior narrative; Translation: “and having spoken”; Notes: Deponent verb with active meaning; -que tightly joins this clause to the preceding context.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary completing the perfect periphrastic construction; Translation: “is/was”; Notes: With perfect participle, conveys completed past action.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of the clause; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the covenant speaker.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks direction or recipient; Translation: “to”; Notes: Commonly used for divine address.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Mediator of divine law and instruction.
  6. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Verb (present participle); Form: present active participle nominative masculine singular; Function: introduces direct or indirect speech; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Signals that specific verbal content follows.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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