Leviticus 22:19

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:19 ut offeratur per vos, masculus immaculatus erit ex bobus, et ovibus, et ex capris:

so that it may be offered by you, it shall be a male without blemish from the cattle, and from the sheep, and from the goats;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 ut so that CONJ
2 offeratur it may be offered 3SG.PRES.PASS.SUBJ
3 per by PREP+ACC
4 vos you ACC.PL.PERS
5 masculus male NOM.SG.M
6 immaculatus without blemish NOM.SG.M.ADJ
7 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
8 ex from PREP+ABL
9 bobus cattle ABL.PL.M
10 et and CONJ
11 ovibus sheep ABL.PL.F
12 et and CONJ
13 ex from PREP+ABL
14 capris goats ABL.PL.F

Syntax

Purpose Clause: ut offeratur per vos — expresses the intended outcome, with a passive subjunctive and agent phrase.
Predicative Requirement: masculus immaculatus erit — stipulates the qualifying condition of the offering.
Partitive Source Phrases: ex bobus + ovibus + ex capris — allowable categories of sacrificial animals.

Morphology

  1. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a purpose clause; Translation: “so that”; Notes: Commonly governs the subjunctive to express intended result.
  2. offeratur — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present passive subjunctive; Function: verb of the purpose clause; Translation: “it may be offered”; Notes: Passive focuses on the offering presented rather than the presenter.
  3. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks agency or instrument; Translation: “by”; Notes: Introduces the human agents responsible for presenting the offering.
  4. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of per; Translation: “you”; Notes: Addresses the mediating community through whom the offering is presented.
  5. masculus — Lemma: masculus; Part of Speech: Noun/Adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate nominative with erit; Translation: “male”; Notes: Specifies sex requirement for this category of sacrifice.
  6. immaculatus — Lemma: immaculatus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modifies masculus; Translation: “without blemish”; Notes: Denotes absence of physical defect, required for acceptability.
  7. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: states a legal requirement; Translation: “will be”; Notes: Normative future expressing obligation.
  8. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates source/class; Translation: “from”; Notes: Introduces acceptable animal group.
  9. bobus — Lemma: bos; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: object of ex; Translation: “cattle”; Notes: Bovine category of sacrificial animals.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates sources; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links categories.
  11. ovibus — Lemma: ovis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: second partitive source; Translation: “sheep”; Notes: Ovine category; governed implicitly by the prior ex.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates sources; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues listing.
  13. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates source/class; Translation: “from”; Notes: Repeated for clarity before the final category.
  14. capris — Lemma: caper; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: object of ex; Translation: “goats”; Notes: Caprine category included among acceptable offerings.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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