Leviticus 22:18

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:18 Loquere ad Aaron et filios eius et ad omnes filios Israel, dicesque ad eos: Homo de domo Israel, et de advenis qui habitant apud vos, qui obtulerit oblationem suam, vel vota solvens, vel sponte offerens, quidquid illud obtulerit in holocaustum Domini,

“Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: ‘Any man from the house of Israel, and from the sojourners who dwell among you, who offers his offering, whether fulfilling vows or offering willingly, whatever it is that he offers as a burnt offering to the LORD,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Loquere speak 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
2 ad to PREP+ACC
3 Aaron Aaron ACC.INDECL
4 et and CONJ
5 filios sons ACC.PL.M
6 eius his GEN.SG.M.POSS
7 et and CONJ
8 ad to PREP+ACC
9 omnes all ACC.PL.M.ADJ
10 filios sons ACC.PL.M
11 Israel Israel GEN.INDECL
12 dicesque and you shall say 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND+CONJ
13 ad to PREP+ACC
14 eos them ACC.PL.M.PERS
15 Homo man NOM.SG.M
16 de from PREP+ABL
17 domo house ABL.SG.F
18 Israel Israel GEN.INDECL
19 et and CONJ
20 de from PREP+ABL
21 advenis sojourners ABL.PL.M
22 qui who NOM.PL.M.REL
23 habitant dwell 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
24 apud among PREP+ACC
25 vos you ACC.PL.PERS
26 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
27 obtulerit has offered 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
28 oblationem offering ACC.SG.F
29 suam his ACC.SG.F.POSS
30 vel or CONJ
31 vota vows ACC.PL.N
32 solvens fulfilling PRES.PTCP.ACT.NOM.SG.M
33 vel or CONJ
34 sponte willingly ADV
35 offerens offering PRES.PTCP.ACT.NOM.SG.M
36 quidquid whatever ACC.SG.N.INDEF
37 illud that ACC.SG.N.DEM
38 obtulerit he has offered 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
39 in as PREP+ACC
40 holocaustum burnt offering ACC.SG.N
41 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Imperative Commission: Loquere ad Aaron … et ad omnes filios Israel — direct command assigning Moses as the mediator.
Futural Speech Introduction: dicesque ad eos — transition to formal proclamation.
General Legal Subject: Homo de domo Israel et de advenis — inclusive scope covering natives and resident foreigners.
Relative Qualification: qui obtulerit oblationem suam — defines the acting individual by cultic action.
Modal Alternatives: vel vota solvens vel sponte offerens — distinguishes vowed and freewill offerings.
Comprehensive Object: quidquid illud obtulerit in holocaustum Domini — totality of acceptable burnt offerings directed to YHWH.

Morphology

  1. Loquere — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent); Form: second person singular present imperative; Function: issues a command; Translation: “speak”; Notes: Deponent with active sense.
  2. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks recipient; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces the audience addressed.
  3. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: accusative indeclinable; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Aaron”; Notes: High priestly figure.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins recipients.
  5. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: object of ad; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Priestly lineage.
  6. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Possessive pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies filios; Translation: “his”; Notes: Refers to Aaron.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues list.
  8. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks recipient; Translation: “to”; Notes: Parallel construction.
  9. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: modifies filios; Translation: “all”; Notes: Emphasizes inclusivity.
  10. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: object of ad; Translation: “sons”; Notes: Collective Israel.
  11. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: genitive indeclinable; Function: modifies filios; Translation: “Israel”; Notes: Covenant people.
  12. dicesque — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: Verb + enclitic conjunction; Form: second person singular future active indicative with -que; Function: introduces formal speech; Translation: “and you shall say”; Notes: -que tightly links command and proclamation.
  13. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: marks addressee; Translation: “to”; Notes: Repetition reinforces audience.
  14. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: object of ad; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  15. Homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of the legal statement; Translation: “man”; Notes: Generic legal subject.
  16. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: indicates origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: Partitive sense.
  17. domo — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of de; Translation: “house”; Notes: Lineage or household.
  18. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: genitive indeclinable; Function: modifies domo; Translation: “Israel”; Notes: National identity.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds a second group.
  20. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: Parallel to prior phrase.
  21. advenis — Lemma: advena; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: object of de; Translation: “sojourners”; Notes: Resident foreigners.
  22. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: subject of habitant; Translation: “who”; Notes: Refers to the sojourners.
  23. habitant — Lemma: habito; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: describes residence; Translation: “dwell”; Notes: Ongoing habitation.
  24. apud — Lemma: apud; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: proximity; Translation: “among”; Notes: Social closeness.
  25. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: Personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of apud; Translation: “you”; Notes: Addresses Israel.
  26. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of obtulerit; Translation: “who”; Notes: Resumes homo.
  27. obtulerit — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of a conditional-relative clause; Translation: “has offered”; Notes: Legal conditional form.
  28. oblationem — Lemma: oblatio; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “offering”; Notes: Cultic gift.
  29. suam — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: modifies oblationem; Translation: “his”; Notes: Ownership by the offerer.
  30. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: alternative; Translation: “or”; Notes: Introduces options.
  31. vota — Lemma: votum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of solvens; Translation: “vows”; Notes: Promised offerings.
  32. solvens — Lemma: solvo; Part of Speech: Verb (present participle); Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modal description; Translation: “fulfilling”; Notes: Paying what was vowed.
  33. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: alternative; Translation: “or”; Notes: Continues alternatives.
  34. sponte — Lemma: sponte; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: manner; Translation: “willingly”; Notes: Voluntary action.
  35. offerens — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb (present participle); Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modal description; Translation: “offering”; Notes: Continues participial modifiers.
  36. quidquid — Lemma: quidquid; Part of Speech: Indefinite pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: comprehensive object; Translation: “whatever”; Notes: No restriction implied.
  37. illud — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: reinforces quidquid; Translation: “that”; Notes: Emphatic specification.
  38. obtulerit — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: completes the conditional-relative construction; Translation: “he has offered”; Notes: Repetition for clarity.
  39. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: purpose or classification; Translation: “as”; Notes: Indicates sacrificial category.
  40. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of in; Translation: “burnt offering”; Notes: Offering wholly consumed.
  41. Domini — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies holocaustum; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as recipient.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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