Leviticus 23:29

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:29 Omnis anima, quæ afflicta non fuerit die hac, peribit de populis suis:

Every soul, that has not been afflicted on this day, shall perish from among its people;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omnis every NOM.SG.F.ADJ
2 anima soul NOM.SG.F
3 quæ which NOM.SG.F.REL
4 afflicta afflicted NOM.SG.F.PTCP.PERF.PASS
5 non not ADV
6 fuerit has been 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
7 die day ABL.SG.M
8 hac this ABL.SG.F.DEM
9 peribit shall perish 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
10 de from PREP+ABL
11 populis peoples ABL.PL.M
12 suis its own ABL.PL.M.POSS

Syntax

Main Clause: Omnis anima … peribit — universal subject with a future indicative announcing penalty.
Relative Clause: quæ afflicta non fuerit die hac — defining relative clause with perfect subjunctive establishing the condition.
Penalty Phrase: de populis suis — prepositional phrase indicating removal from the community.

Morphology

  1. Omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: modifies anima; Translation: “every”; Notes: Establishes universal scope.
  2. anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject; Translation: “soul”; Notes: Refers to the individual person within the community.
  3. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the defining condition.
  4. afflicta — Lemma: affligo; Part of Speech: Verb (perfect participle); Form: nominative feminine singular perfect passive participle; Function: predicate participle; Translation: “afflicted”; Notes: Refers to prescribed self-humiliation.
  5. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negation; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the required action.
  6. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: auxiliary in the relative clause; Translation: “has been”; Notes: Subjunctive used in a legal conditional relative clause.
  7. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: temporal setting; Translation: “day”; Notes: Specifies the appointed time.
  8. hac — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: Demonstrative adjective; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: modifies die; Translation: “this”; Notes: Points to the Day of Expiation.
  9. peribit — Lemma: pereo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main predicate; Translation: “shall perish”; Notes: Announces covenantal penalty.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: separation; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates removal.
  11. populis — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: object of de; Translation: “peoples”; Notes: Refers to the covenant community.
  12. suis — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: modifies populis; Translation: “its own”; Notes: Emphasizes belonging to the community.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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