Leviticus 23:30

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

30 et quæ operis quippiam fecerit, delebo eam de populo suo.

and whoever has done any work, I will destroy that soul from among its people.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 quæ which NOM.SG.F.REL
3 operis of work GEN.SG.N
4 quippiam anything ACC.SG.N.INDEF
5 fecerit has done 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
6 delebo I will destroy 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 eam her ACC.SG.F.DEM
8 de from PREP+ABL
9 populo people ABL.SG.M
10 suo its own ABL.SG.M.POSS

Syntax

Coordinated Relative Clause: et quæ operis quippiam fecerit — defining relative clause continuing the legal conditions, with perfect subjunctive indicating a completed violation.
Main Penalty Clause: delebo eam — first-person future declarative expressing divine judgment.
Separation Phrase: de populo suo — prepositional phrase marking removal from the covenant community.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the series of conditional penalties.
  2. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: “which / whoever”; Notes: Refers back to anima in the previous clause.
  3. operis — Lemma: opus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive neuter singular; Function: partitive genitive; Translation: “of work”; Notes: Specifies the category from which the act is taken.
  4. quippiam — Lemma: quippiam; Part of Speech: Indefinite pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object of fecerit; Translation: “anything”; Notes: Emphasizes that even a minimal act violates the command.
  5. fecerit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: “has done”; Notes: Subjunctive used in a legal conditional relative clause.
  6. delebo — Lemma: deleo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: first person singular future active indicative; Function: main predicate; Translation: “I will destroy”; Notes: Direct divine declaration of judgment.
  7. eam — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object of delebo; Translation: “her”; Notes: Refers to the offending soul.
  8. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: separation; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates removal from a group.
  9. populo — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of de; Translation: “people”; Notes: Refers to the covenant community.
  10. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies populo; Translation: “its own”; Notes: Emphasizes the individual’s belonging prior to judgment.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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