Leviticus 25:35

Posted on April 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 25:35 Si attenuatus fuerit frater tuus, et infirmus manu, et susceperis eum quasi advenam, et peregrinum, et vixerit tecum,

If your brother has become impoverished, and weak by hand, and you have taken him in as a resident alien, and a sojourner, and he lives with you,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ
2 attenuatus reduced impoverished NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PERF.PASS
3 fuerit has become 3SG.FUTP.SUBJ.ACT
4 frater brother NOM.SG.M.3RD.DECL
5 tuus your NOM.SG.M.POSS.ADJ
6 et and CONJ
7 infirmus weak NOM.SG.M.ADJ
8 manu by hand ABL.SG.F.4TH.DECL
9 et and CONJ
10 susceperis you have taken in 2SG.FUTP.SUBJ.ACT
11 eum him ACC.SG.M.PERS.PRON
12 quasi as if as ADV
13 advenam resident alien ACC.SG.M.3RD.DECL
14 et and CONJ
15 peregrinum sojourner ACC.SG.M.ADJ
16 et and CONJ
17 vixerit he lives 3SG.FUTP.SUBJ.ACT
18 tecum with you ABL.SG.PERS.PRON

Syntax

Conditional Frame: Si attenuatus fuerit frater tuus — future perfect subjunctive establishing a legal condition of impoverishment.
Added Circumstance: et infirmus manu — adjectival phrase with ablative of respect describing incapacity.
Secondary Condition: et susceperis eum — action required of the hearer within the condition.
Manner of Reception: quasi advenam et peregrinum — comparative phrase defining social status.
Resulting State: et vixerit tecum — future perfect subjunctive indicating continued cohabitation.

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces condition; Translation: if; Notes: Opens a casuistic legal scenario.
  2. attenuatus — Lemma: attenuo; Part of Speech: perfect passive participle; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: complements fuerit; Translation: reduced impoverished; Notes: Describes economic decline.
  3. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the condition; Translation: has become; Notes: Common in legal protases.
  4. frater — Lemma: frater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, third declension; Function: subject; Translation: brother; Notes: Denotes covenant kinship.
  5. tuus — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies frater; Translation: your; Notes: Personalizes the obligation.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links compounded conditions.
  7. infirmus — Lemma: infirmus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: weak; Notes: Indicates lack of capacity.
  8. manu — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine, fourth declension; Function: ablative of respect; Translation: by hand; Notes: Refers to ability to work or support oneself.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the protasis.
  10. susceperis — Lemma: suscipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of conditional action; Translation: you have taken in; Notes: Implies active acceptance and support.
  11. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: him; Notes: Refers back to frater.
  12. quasi — Lemma: quasi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: comparative modifier; Translation: as; Notes: Indicates manner of treatment.
  13. advenam — Lemma: advena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, third declension; Function: object of comparison; Translation: resident alien; Notes: Legal term for a protected non-native.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins social categories.
  15. peregrinum — Lemma: peregrinus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: second object of comparison; Translation: sojourner; Notes: Emphasizes temporary residence and vulnerability.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Final link in the protasis.
  17. vixerit — Lemma: vivo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of resulting state; Translation: he lives; Notes: Describes ongoing cohabitation.
  18. tecum — Lemma: tu + cum; Part of Speech: personal pronoun with enclitic preposition; Form: ablative singular; Function: prepositional complement; Translation: with you; Notes: Marks shared household responsibility.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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