Leviticus 25:50

Posted on April 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 25:50 supputatis dumtaxat annis a tempore venditionis suæ usque ad annum iubileum: et pecunia, qua venditus fuerat, iuxta annorum numerum et rationem mercenarii supputata.

only the years shall be calculated from the time of his sale up to the year of the jubilee; and the price for which he had been sold shall be calculated according to the number of years and the rate of a hired worker.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 supputatis having been calculated ABL.PL.M.PTCP.PERF.PASS
2 dumtaxat only ADV
3 annis years ABL.PL.M.2ND.DECL
4 a from PREP+ABL
5 tempore time ABL.SG.N.3RD.DECL
6 venditionis of sale GEN.SG.F.3RD.DECL
7 suæ his GEN.SG.F.POSS.ADJ
8 usque up to ADV
9 ad to PREP+ACC
10 annum year ACC.SG.M.2ND.DECL
11 iubileum jubilee ACC.SG.N.2ND.DECL
12 et and CONJ
13 pecunia money NOM.SG.F.1ST.DECL
14 qua by which ABL.SG.F.REL
15 venditus having been sold NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PERF.PASS
16 fuerat had been 3SG.PLUP.IND.ACT
17 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
18 annorum of years GEN.PL.M.2ND.DECL
19 numerum number ACC.SG.M.2ND.DECL
20 et and CONJ
21 rationem rate ACC.SG.F.3RD.DECL
22 mercenarii of a hired worker GEN.SG.M.2ND.DECL
23 supputata calculated NOM.SG.F.PTCP.PERF.PASS

Syntax

Ablative Absolute: supputatis dumtaxat annis — sets the governing condition that only the years are to be reckoned.
Temporal Range: a tempore venditionis suæ usque ad annum iubileum — defines the precise span for calculation.
Main Clause: pecunia … supputata — nominative subject with perfect passive participle expressing the determined valuation.
Standard of Calculation: iuxta annorum numerum et rationem mercenarii — prepositional phrase fixing the valuation method by years and a hired worker’s rate.

Morphology

  1. supputatis — Lemma: supputo; Part of Speech: perfect passive participle; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: having been calculated; Notes: Establishes the precondition for valuation.
  2. dumtaxat — Lemma: dumtaxat; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: limiter; Translation: only; Notes: Excludes other factors from consideration.
  3. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, second declension; Function: ablative absolute complement; Translation: years; Notes: Time units used in calculation.
  4. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: starting point; Translation: from; Notes: Marks the beginning of the interval.
  5. tempore — Lemma: tempus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, third declension; Function: object of a; Translation: time; Notes: Refers to the moment of sale.
  6. venditionis — Lemma: venditio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of sale; Notes: Specifies the transaction.
  7. suæ — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies venditionis; Translation: his; Notes: Reflexive, referring to the sold person.
  8. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: limit; Translation: up to; Notes: Indicates the endpoint with ad.
  9. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: endpoint; Translation: to; Notes: Completes the temporal span.
  10. annum — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: year; Notes: Specifies the unit.
  11. iubileum — Lemma: iubileum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, second declension; Function: apposition to annum; Translation: jubilee; Notes: The year of mandated release.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links the two clauses.
  13. pecunia — Lemma: pecunia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, first declension; Function: subject; Translation: money; Notes: The redemption price.
  14. qua — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: means; Translation: by which; Notes: Refers back to pecunia.
  15. venditus — Lemma: vendo; Part of Speech: perfect passive participle; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies the implied subject; Translation: having been sold; Notes: Describes the prior state.
  16. fuerat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect indicative active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: had been; Notes: Indicates anteriority to valuation.
  17. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: standard; Translation: according to; Notes: Introduces the rule of calculation.
  18. annorum — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, second declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of years; Notes: Ties value to remaining time.
  19. numerum — Lemma: numerus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: number; Notes: Quantitative measure.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds a second criterion.
  21. rationem — Lemma: ratio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, third declension; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: rate; Notes: Implies proportional valuation.
  22. mercenarii — Lemma: mercenarius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, second declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of a hired worker; Notes: Establishes the wage benchmark.
  23. supputata — Lemma: supputo; Part of Speech: perfect passive participle; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate participle; Translation: calculated; Notes: Concludes the valuation rule.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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