Leviticus 25:51

Posted on April 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 25:51 Si plures fuerint anni qui remanent usque ad iubileum, secundum hos reddet et pretium.

If more years remain until the jubilee, according to these he shall also repay the price.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ
2 plures more NOM.PL.M.CMPR.ADJ
3 fuerint have been 3PL.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
4 anni years NOM.PL.M.2ND.DECL
5 qui which NOM.PL.M.REL
6 remanent remain 3PL.PRES.IND.ACT
7 usque up to ADV
8 ad to PREP+ACC
9 iubileum jubilee ACC.SG.N.2ND.DECL
10 secundum according to PREP+ACC
11 hos these ACC.PL.M.DEM.PRON
12 reddet will repay 3SG.FUT.IND.ACT
13 et also CONJ
14 pretium price ACC.SG.N.2ND.DECL

Syntax

Conditional Protasis: Si plures fuerint anni — legal condition with perfect subjunctive describing the number of remaining years.
Relative Specification: qui remanent usque ad iubileum — relative clause defining which years are counted.
Standard Phrase: secundum hos — prepositional phrase establishing the measure for repayment.
Main Apodosis: reddet et pretium — future indicative prescribing proportional repayment.

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces a condition; Translation: if; Notes: Standard casuistic opener.
  2. plures — Lemma: multus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine comparative; Function: modifies anni; Translation: more; Notes: Indicates a greater number of years.
  3. fuerint — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of the protasis; Translation: have been; Notes: Legal perfect subjunctive.
  4. anni — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, second declension; Function: subject of the condition; Translation: years; Notes: Time units for valuation.
  5. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to anni.
  6. remanent — Lemma: remaneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present indicative active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: remain; Notes: Describes the remaining duration.
  7. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: limit marker; Translation: up to; Notes: Used with ad to indicate endpoint.
  8. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: endpoint; Translation: to; Notes: Completes the temporal span.
  9. iubileum — Lemma: iubileum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: jubilee; Notes: The year of mandated release.
  10. secundum — Lemma: secundum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: standard of measure; Translation: according to; Notes: Sets proportionality.
  11. hos — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of secundum; Translation: these; Notes: Refers to the remaining years.
  12. reddet — Lemma: reddo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: will repay; Notes: Prescriptive future.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: additive coordination; Translation: also; Notes: Adds the object to the action.
  14. pretium — Lemma: pretium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: price; Notes: The redemption payment.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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