Leviticus 25:52

Posted on April 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 25:52 si pauci, ponet rationem cum eo iuxta annorum numerum, et reddet emptori quod reliquum est annorum,

If they are few, he shall set the calculation with him according to the number of the years, and he shall repay to the buyer what remains of the years,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 si if CONJ
2 pauci few NOM.PL.M.ADJ
3 ponet he shall set 3SG.FUT.IND.ACT
4 rationem calculation ACC.SG.F.3RD.DECL
5 cum with PREP+ABL
6 eo him ABL.SG.M.PERS.PRON
7 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
8 annorum of years GEN.PL.M.2ND.DECL
9 numerum number ACC.SG.M.2ND.DECL
10 et and CONJ
11 reddet he shall repay 3SG.FUT.IND.ACT
12 emptori to the buyer DAT.SG.M.3RD.DECL
13 quod what ACC.SG.N.REL
14 reliquum remaining ACC.SG.N.ADJ
15 est is 3SG.PRES.IND.ACT
16 annorum of years GEN.PL.M.2ND.DECL

Syntax

Conditional Protasis: si pauci — elliptical condition referring back to the anni of the prior verse.
Main Clause: ponet rationem cum eo — future indicative establishing the obligation to calculate jointly.
Standard of Measure: iuxta annorum numerum — prepositional phrase fixing proportional valuation.
Resulting Obligation: reddet emptori — dative of recipient with prescriptive future.
Object Clause: quod reliquum est annorum — relative clause defining the remainder to be repaid.

Morphology

  1. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: conditional marker; Translation: if; Notes: Continues the casuistic sequence.
  2. pauci — Lemma: paucus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject complement referring to remaining years; Translation: few; Notes: Elliptical usage assuming anni.
  3. ponet — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall set; Notes: Legal future prescribing action.
  4. rationem — Lemma: ratio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: calculation; Notes: Implies an agreed accounting.
  5. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: Indicates mutual reckoning.
  6. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: him; Notes: Refers to the buyer.
  7. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: standard of measure; Translation: according to; Notes: Fixes proportionality.
  8. annorum — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, second declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of years; Notes: Measures the remaining term.
  9. numerum — Lemma: numerus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: number; Notes: Quantitative basis.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins the resulting obligation.
  11. reddet — Lemma: reddo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall repay; Notes: Prescriptive legal future.
  12. emptori — Lemma: emptor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine, third declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the buyer; Notes: Recipient of repayment.
  13. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of reddet; Translation: what; Notes: Introduces the quantified remainder.
  14. reliquum — Lemma: reliquus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies quod; Translation: remaining; Notes: Specifies the unpaid balance.
  15. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula in the relative clause; Translation: is; Notes: States the existing remainder.
  16. annorum — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine, second declension; Function: partitive genitive; Translation: of years; Notes: Clarifies what remains.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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