Leviticus 26:25

Posted on April 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 26:25 inducamque super vos gladium ultorem fœderis mei. Cumque confugeritis in urbes, mittam pestilentiam in medio vestri, et trademini in manibus hostium,

and I will bring upon you the sword, the avenger of my covenant. And when you have fled into the cities, I will send pestilence into your midst, and you shall be delivered into the hands of enemies,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 inducamque and I will bring 1SG.FUT.IND.ACT+CONJ
2 super upon PREP+ACC
3 vos you ACC.PL.PERS.PRON
4 gladium sword ACC.SG.M.2ND.DECL
5 ultorem avenger ACC.SG.M.3RD.DECL
6 fœderis of the covenant GEN.SG.N.3RD.DECL
7 mei my GEN.SG.N.POSS.ADJ
8 Cumque and when CONJ
9 confugeritis you will have fled 2PL.FUTP.IND.ACT
10 in into PREP+ACC
11 urbes cities ACC.PL.F.3RD.DECL
12 mittam I will send 1SG.FUT.IND.ACT
13 pestilentiam pestilence ACC.SG.F.1ST.DECL
14 in into PREP+ABL
15 medio the midst ABL.SG.N.2ND.DECL
16 vestri of you GEN.PL.PERS.PRON
17 et and CONJ
18 trademini you will be handed over 2PL.FUT.IND.PASS
19 in into PREP+ABL
20 manibus hands ABL.PL.F.4TH.DECL
21 hostium of enemies GEN.PL.3RD.DECL

Syntax

Judicial Action: inducamque super vos gladium ultorem fœderis mei — future indicative with -que continuing escalation; the sword is appositional, defined as covenant avenger.
Temporal Clause: Cumque confugeritis in urbes — temporal cum-clause with future perfect indicating completed flight before the next act.
Internal Judgment: mittam pestilentiam in medio vestri — future indicative describing affliction arising within the community.
Outcome: et trademini in manibus hostium — future passive marking enforced surrender to enemy control.

Morphology

  1. inducamque — Lemma: induco; Part of Speech: verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: first person singular future indicative active + -que; Function: main verb; Translation: and I will bring; Notes: Introduces an imposed calamity as a deliberate act.
  2. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: hostile direction; Translation: upon; Notes: Indicates impact descending onto the people.
  3. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of super; Translation: you; Notes: The community addressed.
  4. gladium — Lemma: gladius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: sword; Notes: Symbol of warfare and violent judgment.
  5. ultorem — Lemma: ultor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, third declension; Function: apposition to gladium; Translation: avenger; Notes: Personifies the sword as executing justice.
  6. fœderis — Lemma: fœdus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter, third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of the covenant; Notes: Grounds judgment in covenant violation.
  7. mei — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies fœderis; Translation: my; Notes: Emphasizes divine ownership of the covenant.
  8. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction with enclitic; Form: temporal conjunction + -que; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: Marks sequence of events.
  9. confugeritis — Lemma: confugio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future perfect indicative active; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: you will have fled; Notes: Assumes attempted escape as completed.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: motion toward; Translation: into; Notes: Indicates movement to fortified places.
  11. urbes — Lemma: urbs; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, third declension; Function: object of in; Translation: cities; Notes: Centers of refuge and defense.
  12. mittam — Lemma: mitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: I will send; Notes: Introduces a new form of affliction.
  13. pestilentiam — Lemma: pestilentia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: pestilence; Notes: Internal devastation following external threat.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates presence within the community.
  15. medio — Lemma: medium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: the midst; Notes: Emphasizes internal spread.
  16. vestri — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: genitive plural; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of you; Notes: Specifies whose midst is affected.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links affliction to outcome.
  18. trademini — Lemma: trado; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural future indicative passive; Function: main verb; Translation: you will be handed over; Notes: Passive underscores loss of agency.
  19. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: location/agency; Translation: into; Notes: Marks transfer of control.
  20. manibus — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine, fourth declension; Function: object of in; Translation: hands; Notes: Idiom for power or control.
  21. hostium — Lemma: hostis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural, third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of enemies; Notes: Foreign powers executing the judgment.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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