Numeri 1:22 (Numbers 1:22)

Posted on April 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 1:22 De filiis Simeon per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina et capita singulorum, omne quod sexus est masculini a vigesimo anno et supra, procedentium ad bellum,

From the sons of Simeon by their generations and families and the households of their clans, they were registered by the names and heads of each one, every one who is of the male sex from the twentieth year and above, of those proceeding to war,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 De from PREP+ABL
2 filiis sons ABL.PL.M
3 Simeon Simeon INDECL
4 per by PREP+ACC
5 generationes generations ACC.PL.F
6 et and CONJ
7 familias families ACC.PL.F
8 ac and CONJ
9 domos houses ACC.PL.F
10 cognationum of clans GEN.PL.F
11 suarum their GEN.PL.F.POSS
12 recensiti registered NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
13 sunt they were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
14 per by PREP+ACC
15 nomina names ACC.PL.N
16 et and CONJ
17 capita heads ACC.PL.N
18 singulorum of each GEN.PL.M.INDEF
19 omne every NOM.SG.N
20 quod which NOM.SG.N.REL
21 sexus sex NOM.SG.M
22 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
23 masculini masculine GEN.SG.M.POS
24 a from PREP+ABL
25 vigesimo twentieth ABL.SG.M.POS
26 anno year ABL.SG.M
27 et and CONJ
28 supra above ADV
29 procedentium of those proceeding GEN.PL.M.PRES.ACT.PTCP
30 ad to PREP+ACC
31 bellum war ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Source Phrase: De filiis Simeon is a prepositional phrase indicating the tribal group under discussion, with filiis governed by De and modified by the proper name Simeon.

Distribution Phrase: per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum expresses the administrative divisions according to which the census was organized.

Main Clause: recensiti sunt forms a perfect passive construction meaning “they were registered.”

Identification Phrase: per nomina et capita singulorum indicates the method of recording, by listing the names and heads of each individual unit.

Relative Clause: omne quod sexus est masculini defines the group counted, referring to every male.

Age Qualification: a vigesimo anno et supra specifies the minimum age.

Participial Description: procedentium ad bellum describes those eligible to go out to war.

Morphology

  1. De — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the ablative; Function: introduces the tribal source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin or belonging.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, second declension; Function: object of De; Translation: sons; Notes: Refers collectively to the descendants of Simeon.
  3. Simeon — Lemma: Simeon; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitival relation to filiis; Translation: Simeon; Notes: Name of one of the twelve sons of Israel and the tribe descended from him.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces the distribution of groups; Translation: by; Notes: Used to describe organization through subdivisions.
  5. generationes — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: generations; Notes: Indicates genealogical divisions.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: links the series; Translation: and; Notes: Standard additive conjunction.
  7. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: coordinated object after per; Translation: families; Notes: Household-based subdivisions.
  8. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: links another item in the enumeration; Translation: and; Notes: Variant of et used stylistically.
  9. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: coordinated object in the distribution phrase; Translation: households; Notes: Refers to domestic family units.
  10. cognationum — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies domos; Translation: of clans; Notes: Indicates kinship groupings within the tribe.
  11. suarum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies cognationum; Translation: their; Notes: Refers to belonging to the tribe’s members.
  12. recensiti — Lemma: recenseo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: forms the passive verb phrase with sunt; Translation: registered; Notes: Indicates the act of enumeration or census.
  13. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb forming the perfect passive; Translation: they were; Notes: Completes the passive construction.
  14. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces the means of registration; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates method or procedure.
  15. nomina — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of per; Translation: names; Notes: Refers to the recording of individuals.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: links coordinated objects; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the listing.
  17. capita — Lemma: caput; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: coordinated object with nomina; Translation: heads; Notes: Refers to the counted individuals or leaders.
  18. singulorum — Lemma: singuli; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies capita; Translation: of each; Notes: Emphasizes individual enumeration.
  19. omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: every; Notes: Introduces the qualifying category.
  20. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: connects the relative clause to omne; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to the general class of individuals.
  21. sexus — Lemma: sexus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: sex; Notes: Indicates gender classification.
  22. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copulative verb; Translation: is; Notes: Links subject and predicate.
  23. masculini — Lemma: masculinus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies sexus; Translation: masculine; Notes: Specifies male gender.
  24. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the ablative; Function: introduces the age phrase; Translation: from; Notes: Marks the starting point of an age range.
  25. vigesimo — Lemma: vicesimus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies anno; Translation: twentieth; Notes: Specifies the minimum age.
  26. anno — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: year; Notes: Used in chronological qualification.
  27. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinating conjunction; Function: links the phrase to supra; Translation: and; Notes: Forms the idiomatic age expression.
  28. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable adverb; Function: completes the age-range phrase; Translation: above; Notes: Includes those older than the specified age.
  29. procedentium — Lemma: procedo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: genitive plural masculine present active participle; Function: describes those capable of military service; Translation: of those proceeding; Notes: Refers to men going out to war.
  30. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing the accusative; Function: introduces purpose or destination; Translation: to; Notes: Indicates direction toward battle.
  31. bellum — Lemma: bellum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of ad; Translation: war; Notes: Refers to participation in military campaigns.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Numeri. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.