Numeri 1:28 (Numbers 1:28)

Posted on April 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 1:28 De filiis Issachar, per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum, per nomina singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui ad bella procederent,

From the sons of Issachar, according to generations and families and houses of their clans, by the names of each one from the twentieth year and above, all who would proceed to wars,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 De from PREP+ABL
2 filiis sons ABL.PL.M
3 Issachar Issachar INDECL
4 per through / according to PREP+ACC
5 generationes generations ACC.PL.F
6 et and CONJ
7 familias families ACC.PL.F
8 ac and also CONJ
9 domos houses ACC.PL.F
10 cognationum clans GEN.PL.F
11 suarum their GEN.PL.F.POSS
12 per by PREP+ACC
13 nomina names ACC.PL.N
14 singulorum of each one GEN.PL.M
15 a from PREP+ABL
16 vigesimo twentieth ABL.SG.M
17 anno year ABL.SG.M
18 et and CONJ
19 supra above ADV
20 omnes all ACC.PL.M
21 qui who REL.NOM.PL.M
22 ad to PREP+ACC
23 bella wars ACC.PL.N
24 procederent would proceed 3PL.IMP.SUBJ.ACT

Syntax

Source Phrase: De filiis Issachar — prepositional phrase indicating the tribal origin of the counted individuals.

Enumeration Structure: per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum — a sequence of coordinated accusative nouns governed by per, expressing classification according to lineage and household divisions.

Registration Phrase: per nomina singulorum — indicates enumeration by individual names.

Age Qualification: a vigesimo anno et supra — ablative phrase specifying the age threshold beginning from the twentieth year and upward.

Relative Clause: omnes qui ad bella procederent — describes the eligible men; qui introduces the clause with procederent in the imperfect subjunctive to denote those capable or destined to go out to war.

Morphology

  1. De — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative case; Function: introduces source or origin; Translation: from; Notes: Commonly used to denote descent or group affiliation.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine second declension; Function: object of the preposition de; Translation: sons; Notes: Indicates tribal descendants.
  3. Issachar — Lemma: Issachar; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitival association specifying the tribe; Translation: Issachar; Notes: Hebrew tribal name retained in Latin biblical form.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: expresses distribution or classification; Translation: according to; Notes: Introduces categories of organization.
  5. generationes — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine third declension; Function: object of per; Translation: generations; Notes: Refers to genealogical divisions.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links nouns in enumeration; Translation: and; Notes: Standard additive conjunction.
  7. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine first declension; Function: object of per within the enumeration; Translation: families; Notes: Indicates smaller clan groupings.
  8. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: strengthens connection between elements; Translation: and also; Notes: Stylistic variant of et.
  9. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine fourth declension; Function: additional object governed by per; Translation: houses; Notes: Refers to extended households.
  10. cognationum — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine third declension; Function: modifies domos; Translation: of clans; Notes: Specifies kinship groups.
  11. suarum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: agrees with cognationum; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive possession referring to the tribal members.
  12. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: indicates method of listing; Translation: by; Notes: Introduces enumeration by name.
  13. nomina — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter third declension; Function: object of per; Translation: names; Notes: Indicates individual identification.
  14. singulorum — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies the implied persons enumerated by nomina; Translation: of each one; Notes: Emphasizes individual counting.
  15. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative case; Function: introduces starting point of age; Translation: from; Notes: Used in age expressions.
  16. vigesimo — Lemma: vicesimus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies anno; Translation: twentieth; Notes: Ordinal numeral marking age threshold.
  17. anno — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine second declension; Function: object of the preposition a; Translation: year; Notes: Specifies age qualification.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: connects the phrase with supra; Translation: and; Notes: Links the age boundary with continuation upward.
  19. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: indicates age above the specified limit; Translation: above; Notes: Common in census formulas.
  20. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object referring to the counted men; Translation: all; Notes: Emphasizes the total eligible population.
  21. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers to the men eligible for war.
  22. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative case; Function: indicates direction or purpose; Translation: to; Notes: Used with military movement.
  23. bella — Lemma: bellum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: wars; Notes: Refers to military campaigns.
  24. procederent — Lemma: procedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: would proceed; Notes: Subjunctive expresses those qualified or destined to go forth to war.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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