Numeri 1:38 (Numbers 1:38)

Posted on April 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 1:38 De filiis Dan per generationes, et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt nominibus singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere,

From the sons of Dan according to their generations, and families and the houses of their kinships they were counted by the names of each one from the twentieth year and above, all who were able to proceed to wars,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 De from PREP+ABL
2 filiis sons NOUN.ABL.PL.M
3 Dan Dan NOUN.INDECL
4 per through PREP+ACC
5 generationes generations NOUN.ACC.PL.F
6 et and CONJ
7 familias families NOUN.ACC.PL.F
8 ac and also CONJ
9 domos houses NOUN.ACC.PL.F
10 cognationum kinships NOUN.GEN.PL.F
11 suarum their PRON.POSS.GEN.PL.F
12 recensiti counted PTCP.NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS
13 sunt were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
14 nominibus by the names NOUN.ABL.PL.N
15 singulorum of each ADJ.GEN.PL.M
16 a from PREP+ABL
17 vigesimo twentieth ADJ.ABL.SG.M
18 anno year NOUN.ABL.SG.M
19 et and CONJ
20 supra above ADV
21 omnes all PRON.INDEF.ACC.PL.M
22 qui who PRON.REL.NOM.PL.M
23 poterant were able 3PL.IMP.ACT.IND
24 ad to PREP+ACC
25 bella wars NOUN.ACC.PL.N
26 procedere to proceed INF.PRES.ACT

Syntax

Main Clause: recensiti sunt (finite verb phrase) with an implied subject referring to the men de filiis Dan.

Source Phrase: De filiis Dan — prepositional phrase indicating the tribal origin of those counted.

Distribution Phrase: per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum — prepositional phrase expressing classification according to lineage structures.

Manner Phrase: nominibus singulorum — ablative phrase indicating the enumeration by individual names.

Temporal Phrase: a vigesimo anno et supra — ablative construction marking the age threshold beginning at twenty years and upward.

Relative Clause: qui poterant ad bella procedere — relative clause modifying omnes, specifying those capable of military service.

Morphology

  1. De — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative case; Function: introduces the phrase indicating origin; Translation: from; Notes: Frequently marks source or descent in genealogical contexts.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of the preposition de; Translation: sons; Notes: Used in tribal designations to identify descendants.
  3. Dan — Lemma: Dan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper name; Function: genitival relation with filiis; Translation: Dan; Notes: Name of one of the tribes of Israel derived from the patriarch.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative case; Function: indicates distribution or classification; Translation: through; Notes: Often used to express division according to groups.
  5. generationes — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: generations; Notes: Refers to successive family lines.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins parallel nouns; Translation: and; Notes: Standard coordinating particle.
  7. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: coordinated object of per; Translation: families; Notes: Indicates subdivisions within the tribe.
  8. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins another element in the list; Translation: and also; Notes: Often used before words beginning with consonants.
  9. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: part of the enumeration governed by per; Translation: houses; Notes: Refers to extended household units.
  10. cognationum — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies domos; Translation: of kinships; Notes: Indicates clan relationships within the tribe.
  11. suarum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies cognationum; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive possessive referring back to the tribe.
  12. recensiti — Lemma: recenseo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: part of the passive verb phrase; Translation: counted; Notes: Used in census contexts to indicate formal enumeration.
  13. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary forming the perfect passive construction; Translation: were; Notes: Combines with the participle to express completed passive action.
  14. nominibus — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: ablative of means; Translation: by the names; Notes: Indicates enumeration by individual designation.
  15. singulorum — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies an implied noun such as “men”; Translation: of each; Notes: Emphasizes individual listing.
  16. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: marks starting point of age range; Translation: from; Notes: Used before consonants as a variant of ab.
  17. vigesimo — Lemma: vigesimus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies anno; Translation: twentieth; Notes: Indicates the starting age.
  18. anno — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of the preposition a; Translation: year; Notes: Used in age expressions.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: connects the elements of the phrase; Translation: and; Notes: Adds the following adverbial expression.
  20. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable adverb; Function: modifies the age expression; Translation: above; Notes: Indicates age greater than the specified threshold.
  21. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of the enumeration implied by the verb; Translation: all; Notes: Summarizes the total number of eligible men.
  22. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: introduces the relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to the counted individuals.
  23. poterant — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active indicative; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: were able; Notes: Expresses capability or qualification.
  24. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces the purpose phrase; Translation: to; Notes: Often used with motion or purpose.
  25. bella — Lemma: bellum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of the preposition ad; Translation: wars; Notes: Refers to military campaigns.
  26. procedere — Lemma: procedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complement of poterant; Translation: to proceed; Notes: Indicates going forth to participate in battle.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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