Numeri 1:40 (Numbers 1:40)

Posted on April 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 1:40 De filiis Aser per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere,

From the sons of Aser according to their generations and families and the houses of their kinships they were counted by the names of each one from the twentieth year and above, all who were able to proceed to wars,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 De from PREP+ABL
2 filiis sons NOUN.ABL.PL.M
3 Aser Asher NOUN.INDECL
4 per through PREP+ACC
5 generationes generations NOUN.ACC.PL.F
6 et and CONJ
7 familias families NOUN.ACC.PL.F
8 ac and also CONJ
9 domos houses NOUN.ACC.PL.F
10 cognationum kinships NOUN.GEN.PL.F
11 suarum their PRON.POSS.GEN.PL.F
12 recensiti counted PTCP.NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS
13 sunt were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
14 per by PREP+ACC
15 nomina names NOUN.ACC.PL.N
16 singulorum of each ADJ.GEN.PL.M
17 a from PREP+ABL
18 vigesimo twentieth ADJ.ABL.SG.M
19 anno year NOUN.ABL.SG.M
20 et and CONJ
21 supra above ADV
22 omnes all PRON.INDEF.ACC.PL.M
23 qui who PRON.REL.NOM.PL.M
24 poterant were able 3PL.IMP.ACT.IND
25 ad to PREP+ACC
26 bella wars NOUN.ACC.PL.N
27 procedere to proceed INF.PRES.ACT

Syntax

Main Clause: recensiti sunt forms the passive verbal expression describing the census enumeration.

Source Phrase: De filiis Aser identifies the tribal origin of the individuals counted.

Classification Phrase: per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum explains that the counting occurred according to lineage groups.

Manner Phrase: per nomina singulorum expresses the method of enumeration, listing individuals by name.

Temporal Phrase: a vigesimo anno et supra establishes the age threshold beginning from twenty years and upward.

Relative Clause: qui poterant ad bella procedere modifies omnes and identifies those qualified for military service.

Morphology

  1. De — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative case; Function: introduces a phrase indicating source or origin; Translation: from; Notes: Commonly used to describe descent or belonging.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of the preposition de; Translation: sons; Notes: Used in tribal genealogical references.
  3. Aser — Lemma: Aser; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable proper name; Function: identifies the tribe connected to the counted individuals; Translation: Aser; Notes: Latin form of the Hebrew tribal name Asher.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative case; Function: introduces distribution across categories; Translation: through; Notes: Often used to describe classification or arrangement.
  5. generationes — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: generations; Notes: Refers to successive lineage groups.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links parallel elements; Translation: and; Notes: Standard coordinating conjunction.
  7. familias — Lemma: familia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: coordinated object of per; Translation: families; Notes: Indicates subdivisions of the tribe.
  8. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: adds another coordinated element; Translation: and also; Notes: Stylistic variant of et.
  9. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: additional element governed by per; Translation: houses; Notes: Represents extended household groups.
  10. cognationum — Lemma: cognatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies domos; Translation: of kinships; Notes: Indicates clan relationships.
  11. suarum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies cognationum; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive possession referring to the tribe itself.
  12. recensiti — Lemma: recenseo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: main predicate component of the passive verb phrase; Translation: counted; Notes: Indicates formal census enumeration.
  13. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary forming the perfect passive; Translation: were; Notes: Combines with the participle to express completed action.
  14. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces the method of enumeration; Translation: by; Notes: Indicates manner or means.
  15. nomina — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of the preposition per; Translation: names; Notes: Suggests individual listing in the census.
  16. singulorum — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies an implied noun referring to individuals; Translation: of each; Notes: Emphasizes individual identification.
  17. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: marks starting point of the age requirement; Translation: from; Notes: Variant of ab before consonants.
  18. vigesimo — Lemma: vigesimus; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies anno; Translation: twentieth; Notes: Indicates the beginning age for eligibility.
  19. anno — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of the preposition a; Translation: year; Notes: Used in age expressions.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins the following adverb; Translation: and; Notes: Links the age phrase with the upward extension.
  21. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable adverb; Function: modifies the age phrase; Translation: above; Notes: Indicates ages exceeding the stated threshold.
  22. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object summarizing the group counted; Translation: all; Notes: Refers collectively to eligible men.
  23. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: introduces the relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to omnes.
  24. poterant — Lemma: possum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active indicative; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: were able; Notes: Expresses capability for military duty.
  25. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces purpose phrase; Translation: to; Notes: Indicates direction or purpose.
  26. bella — Lemma: bellum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of ad; Translation: wars; Notes: Refers to military campaigns.
  27. procedere — Lemma: procedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive with poterant; Translation: to proceed; Notes: Indicates going forth to participate in battle.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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