Numeri 3:43 (Numbers 3:43)

Posted on April 30, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 3:43 et fuerunt masculi per nomina sua, a mense uno et supra, viginti duo millia ducenti septuaginta tres.

And there were males by their names, from one month and above, twenty-two thousand two hundred seventy-three.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 fuerunt there were 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
3 masculi males NOM.PL.M
4 per by PREP+ACC
5 nomina names ACC.PL.N
6 sua their ACC.PL.N
7 a from PREP+ABL
8 mense month ABL.SG.M
9 uno one ABL.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 supra above ADV
12 viginti twenty NUM.INDECL
13 duo two NUM
14 millia thousand ACC.PL.N
15 ducenti two hundred NUM.NOM.PL.M
16 septuaginta seventy NUM.INDECL
17 tres three NUM

Syntax

Main Clause: fuerunt masculi — existential construction, “there were males.”

Specification Phrase: per nomina sua — distribution “by their names.”

Temporal Phrase: a mense uno et supra — “from one month and above.”

Numerical Expression: viginti duo millia ducenti septuaginta tres — total count.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clause; Translation: and; Notes: Continuation.
  2. fuerunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: there were; Notes: Existential usage.
  3. masculi — Lemma: masculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: males; Notes: Gender specification.
  4. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: distributive; Translation: by; Notes: Distribution sense.
  5. nomina — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of per; Translation: names; Notes: Enumeration basis.
  6. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies nomina; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive possessive.
  7. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: temporal origin; Translation: from; Notes: Starting point.
  8. mense — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: month; Notes: Time unit.
  9. uno — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: numeral/adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies mense; Translation: one; Notes: Specifies age.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links phrase; Translation: and; Notes: Adds condition.
  11. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb; Function: modifies temporal phrase; Translation: above; Notes: Indicates “and older.”
  12. viginti — Lemma: viginti; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: numeral component; Translation: twenty; Notes: Part of total.
  13. duo — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: modifies millia; Translation: two; Notes: Combined numeral.
  14. millia — Lemma: mille; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: numeral base; Translation: thousand; Notes: Quantity unit.
  15. ducenti — Lemma: ducenti; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: numeral component; Translation: two hundred; Notes: Part of total.
  16. septuaginta — Lemma: septuaginta; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: numeral component; Translation: seventy; Notes: Part of total.
  17. tres — Lemma: tres; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: nominative masculine plural; Function: numeral component; Translation: three; Notes: Final unit.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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