Numeri 13:2 (Numbers 13:2)

Posted on May 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 13:2 ibique locutus est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens:

And there the LORD spoke to Moyses, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 ibique and there ADV
2 locutus spoken NOM.SG.M PERF.PTCP.DEP
3 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
4 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
7 dicens saying NOM.SG.M PRES.PTCP.ACT

Syntax

Main Clause: Dominus is the subject, while locutus est forms the main verb meaning “spoke.”

Phrase: ibique functions as an adverbial element indicating place, “and there.”

Phrase: ad Moysen is a prepositional phrase marking the indirect object, “to Moyses.”

Phrase: dicens is a participial phrase introducing direct speech, “saying.”

Clause Function: The clause introduces divine speech, with a participle preparing for the following quotation.

Morphology

  1. ibique — Lemma: ibi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable with enclitic conjunction -que; Function: adverb modifying the verb; Translation: and there; Notes: Combines location with connective force linking to previous narrative.
  2. locutus — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle nominative singular masculine deponent; Function: part of the compound verb with est, agreeing with Dominus; Translation: spoken; Notes: Deponent verb using passive form with active meaning.
  3. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular; Function: auxiliary forming perfect tense with locutus; Translation: is; Notes: Produces perfect sense “has spoken” or “spoke.”
  4. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine second declension; Function: subject of the main clause; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH and is therefore translated in all caps.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces indirect object; Translation: to; Notes: Indicates direction toward a person.
  6. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine third declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Latinized form of Moses, treated as third declension.
  7. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active participle nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies Dominus introducing speech; Translation: saying; Notes: Common narrative participle used to introduce direct discourse.

 

Numeri 13:2 (Numbers 13:2) = Numeri 13:1 (Numbers 13:1)

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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