Numeri 13:4 (Numbers 13:4)

Posted on May 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 13:4 Fecit Moyses quod Dominus imperaverat, de deserto Pharan mittens principes viros, quorum ista sunt nomina.

Moyses did what the LORD had commanded, sending from the desert of Pharan principal men, whose names are these.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Fecit did 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
3 quod what ACC.SG.N REL
4 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
5 imperaverat had commanded 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
6 de from PREP+ABL
7 deserto the desert ABL.SG.N
8 Pharan Paran GEN.SG.INDECL
9 mittens sending NOM.SG.M PRES.PTCP.ACT
10 principes principal ACC.PL.M
11 viros men ACC.PL.M
12 quorum whose GEN.PL.M REL
13 ista these NOM.PL.N DEM
14 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
15 nomina names NOM.PL.N

Syntax

Main Clause: Moyses is the subject, with Fecit as the main verb.

Object Clause: quod Dominus imperaverat functions as the object of Fecit.

Phrase: de deserto Pharan expresses origin.

Phrase: mittens principes viros is a participial phrase explaining manner or means.

Relative Clause: quorum ista sunt nomina introduces identification of the men.

Clause Function: The sentence narrates obedience followed by descriptive elaboration.

Morphology

  1. Fecit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: did; Notes: Indicates completed action.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine third declension; Function: subject; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Latinized form of Moses.
  3. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of imperaverat; Translation: what; Notes: Introduces object clause.
  4. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine second declension; Function: subject of imperaverat; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  5. imperaverat — Lemma: impero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: pluperfect active indicative third person singular; Function: verb of object clause; Translation: had commanded; Notes: Indicates prior action.
  6. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces origin; Translation: from; Notes: Marks source location.
  7. deserto — Lemma: desertum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter second declension; Function: object of de; Translation: the desert; Notes: Specifies location.
  8. Pharan — Lemma: Pharan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of Pharan; Notes: Specifies the desert.
  9. mittens — Lemma: mitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active participle nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies Moyses; Translation: sending; Notes: Expresses manner or attendant circumstance.
  10. principes — Lemma: princeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine third declension; Function: object of mittens; Translation: principal; Notes: Describes status of the men.
  11. viros — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine third declension; Function: object in apposition; Translation: men; Notes: Clarifies identity of principes.
  12. quorum — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: whose; Notes: Refers to the men.
  13. ista — Lemma: iste; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of sunt; Translation: these; Notes: Points to items to be listed.
  14. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person plural; Function: copulative verb; Translation: are; Notes: Links subject and predicate.
  15. nomina — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter third declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: names; Notes: Completes identification statement.

 

Numeri 13:4 (Numbers 13:4) = Numeri 13:3 (Numbers 13:3)

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Numeri. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.