Numeri 12:15 (Numbers 12:15)

Posted on May 9, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 12:15 Exclusa est itaque Maria extra castra septem diebus: et populus non est motus de loco illo, donec revocata est Maria.

Therefore Maria was shut out outside the camp for seven days: and the people did not move from that place until Maria was brought back.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Exclusa having been shut out NOM.SG.F PERF.PTCP.PASS
2 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 itaque therefore ADV
4 Maria Maria NOM.SG.F
5 extra outside PREP+ACC
6 castra camp ACC.PL.N
7 septem seven INDECL
8 diebus days ABL.PL.M
9 et and CONJ
10 populus people NOM.SG.M
11 non not ADV
12 est has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
13 motus moved NOM.SG.M PERF.PTCP.DEP
14 de from PREP+ABL
15 loco place ABL.SG.M
16 illo that ABL.SG.M DEM
17 donec until CONJ
18 revocata having been brought back NOM.SG.F PERF.PTCP.PASS
19 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
20 Maria Maria NOM.SG.F

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Maria is the subject, with Exclusa est forming a perfect passive construction. itaque adds logical conclusion. extra castra expresses location, and septem diebus expresses duration.

Main Clause 2: populus is the subject, with non est motus as the verb phrase. de loco illo indicates source or departure.

Subordinate Clause: donec revocata est Maria expresses temporal limitation, indicating the action continued until Maria’s restoration.

Morphology

  1. Exclusa — Lemma: excludo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: part of passive verb; Translation: having been shut out; Notes: Indicates completed exclusion.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: was; Notes: Forms perfect passive with participle.
  3. itaque — Lemma: itaque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies clause; Translation: therefore; Notes: Draws conclusion from prior statement.
  4. Maria — Lemma: Maria; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: Maria; Notes: Central figure of the action.
  5. extra — Lemma: extra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: introduces location; Translation: outside; Notes: Indicates separation from the camp.
  6. castra — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter second declension; Function: object of extra; Translation: camp; Notes: Refers to Israelite encampment.
  7. septem — Lemma: septem; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies diebus; Translation: seven; Notes: Indicates duration.
  8. diebus — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine/feminine fifth declension; Function: ablative of time; Translation: days; Notes: Specifies duration.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Continues narrative.
  10. populus — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine second declension; Function: subject; Translation: people; Notes: Refers to the community.
  11. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negates verb; Translation: not; Notes: Denies action.
  12. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: has; Notes: Forms perfect with participle.
  13. motus — Lemma: moveo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle deponent; Function: part of verb phrase; Translation: moved; Notes: Indicates completed action.
  14. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: introduces source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates departure.
  15. loco — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine second declension; Function: object of de; Translation: place; Notes: Refers to specific location.
  16. illo — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine demonstrative; Function: modifies loco; Translation: that; Notes: Specifies particular place.
  17. donec — Lemma: donec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: until; Notes: Marks limit of action.
  18. revocata — Lemma: revoco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: part of passive verb; Translation: having been brought back; Notes: Indicates restoration.
  19. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: was; Notes: Forms perfect passive.
  20. Maria — Lemma: Maria; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: Maria; Notes: Marks completion of the process.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Numeri. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.