Numeri 17:9 (Numbers 17:9)

Posted on May 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 17:9 Protulit ergo Moyses omnes virgas de conspectu Domini ad cunctos filios Israel: videruntque et receperunt singuli virgas suas.

Therefore Moyses brought forth all the rods from the presence of the LORD to all the sons of Israel, and they saw and each one received his rod.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Protulit brought forth 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 ergo therefore CONJ
3 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
4 omnes all ACC.PL.F
5 virgas rods ACC.PL.F
6 de from PREP+ABL
7 conspectu presence ABL.SG.M
8 Domini LORD GEN.SG.M
9 ad to PREP+ACC
10 cunctos all ACC.PL.M
11 filios sons ACC.PL.M
12 Israel Israel INDECL
13 videruntque and they saw 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND+CONJ
14 et and CONJ
15 receperunt they received 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
16 singuli each one NOM.PL.M
17 virgas rods ACC.PL.F
18 suas their own ACC.PL.F.POSS

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Moyses (subject) + protulit (verb)
Direct Object: omnes virgas
Prepositional Phrase 1: de conspectu Domini — source, indicating origin from the presence of the LORD
Prepositional Phrase 2: ad cunctos filios Israel — direction toward recipients

Main Clause 2: viderunt (verb) + implied subject (they)
Main Clause 3: receperunt (verb) + singuli (subject)
Direct Object: virgas suas — each one receives his own rod

Morphology

  1. Protulit — Lemma: profero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: brought forth; Notes: compound verb indicating movement outward.
  2. ergo — Lemma: ergo; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction (indeclinable); Function: connects logically with previous statement; Translation: therefore; Notes: indicates result or consequence.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, third declension; Function: subject; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Latinized form of the Hebrew name.
  4. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies virgas; Translation: all; Notes: indicates totality.
  5. virgas — Lemma: virga; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: rods; Notes: symbolic staffs.
  6. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: from; Notes: indicates origin.
  7. conspectu — Lemma: conspectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, fourth declension; Function: object of de; Translation: presence; Notes: denotes visible presence.
  8. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, second declension; Function: modifies conspectu; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  9. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates direction; Translation: to; Notes: marks movement toward.
  10. cunctos — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies filios; Translation: all; Notes: emphasizes entirety.
  11. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: sons; Notes: refers to the people.
  12. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies filios; Translation: Israel; Notes: retains Hebrew form.
  13. videruntque — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, third person plural with enclitic conjunction -que; Function: verb linking clause; Translation: and they saw; Notes: -que connects action.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links verbs; Translation: and; Notes: simple conjunction.
  15. receperunt — Lemma: recipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, third person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: they received; Notes: indicates completed reception.
  16. singuli — Lemma: singulus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of receperunt; Translation: each one; Notes: distributive emphasis.
  17. virgas — Lemma: virga; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: rods; Notes: refers to individual rods.
  18. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies virgas; Translation: their own; Notes: reflexive, referring to each subject.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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