Numeri 18:10 (Numbers 18:10)

Posted on May 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 18:10 In Sanctuario comedes illud: mares tantum edent ex eo, quia consecratum est tibi.

You shall eat it in the Sanctuary; only males shall eat from it, because it has been consecrated to you.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 In in PREP+ABL
2 Sanctuario Sanctuary ABL.SG.N
3 comedes you shall eat 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
4 illud it ACC.SG.N.DEM
5 mares males NOM.PL.M
6 tantum only ADV
7 edent shall eat 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
8 ex from PREP+ABL
9 eo it ABL.SG.N
10 quia because CONJ
11 consecratum consecrated PTCP.NOM.SG.N.PERF.PASS
12 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
13 tibi to you DAT.SG

Syntax

Main Clause 1: comedes (verb) with implied subject “you”
Direct Object: illud
Prepositional Phrase: In Sanctuario — location of action

Main Clause 2: mares (subject) + edent (verb)
Adverb: tantum — restriction
Prepositional Phrase: ex eo — source or partitive relation

Causal Clause: quia consecratum est tibi
→ consecratum (predicate participle) + est (auxiliary)
→ tibi (dative of advantage)

Morphology

  1. In — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location; Translation: in; Notes: indicates place where action occurs.
  2. Sanctuario — Lemma: sanctuarium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, second declension; Function: object of In; Translation: Sanctuary; Notes: sacred holy place.
  3. comedes — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, second person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall eat; Notes: future instruction.
  4. illud — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: refers to consecrated offering.
  5. mares — Lemma: mas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, third declension; Function: subject; Translation: males; Notes: restriction to male participants.
  6. tantum — Lemma: tantum; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies edent; Translation: only; Notes: restrictive emphasis.
  7. edent — Lemma: edo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, third person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: shall eat; Notes: future permission or command.
  8. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces source; Translation: from; Notes: partitive relation.
  9. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of ex; Translation: it; Notes: refers to the sacred portion.
  10. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces causal clause; Translation: because; Notes: expresses reason.
  11. consecratum — Lemma: consecro; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate participle; Translation: consecrated; Notes: ritual sanctification.
  12. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, third person singular; Function: auxiliary verb; Translation: is; Notes: forms passive construction.
  13. tibi — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular second person; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: to you; Notes: indicates recipient of consecration privilege.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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