Exodus 24:2

Posted on March 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

2 Solusque Moyses ascendet ad Dominum, et illi non appropinquabunt: nec populus ascendet cum eo.

And Moses alone shall ascend to the LORD, and they shall not approach; nor shall the people ascend with him.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Solusque and alone ADV + CONJ
2 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M 2ND DECL
3 ascendet he shall ascend 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Dominum the LORD ACC.SG.M 2ND DECL
6 et and CONJ
7 illi they NOM.PL.M PRON DEM
8 non not ADV
9 appropinquabunt they shall approach 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
10 nec nor CONJ
11 populus the people NOM.SG.M 2ND DECL
12 ascendet shall ascend 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
13 cum with PREP+ABL
14 eo him ABL.SG.M PRON PERS

Syntax

Primary Clause:
Solusque Moyses ascendet ad Dominum — “And Moses alone shall ascend to the LORD.”
• Solus = exclusivity, modified by -que (and).
• Moyses = subject.
• ascendet = main verb.
• ad Dominum = goal of motion (LORD = YHWH per your rule).

Prohibition for Others:
et illi non appropinquabunt — “and they shall not approach.”
• illi = the others (Aaron, Nadab, Abiu, elders).
• non appropinquabunt = future indicative prohibition.

Parallel Negative Clause:
nec populus ascendet cum eo — “nor shall the people ascend with him.”
• populus = new subject.
• ascendet = repeated future indicative.
• cum eo = accompaniment.

Morphology

  1. Solusque — Lemma: solus + -que; Part of Speech: adjective + enclitic conjunction; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies Moyses; Translation: and alone; Notes: -que joins to previous narrative clause.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, second declension (Hebrew name adapted); Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: main actor of the command.
  3. ascendet — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall ascend; Notes: used in legal narrative for required action.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: standard with verbs of motion.
  5. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH (per your translation rule).
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordination.
  7. illi — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: they; Notes: refers to Aaron, Nadab, Abiu, elders.
  8. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: negates appropinquabunt.
  9. appropinquabunt — Lemma: appropinquo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, third person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: they shall approach; Notes: prohibited action.
  10. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces parallel negative; Translation: nor; Notes: continues prohibition.
  11. populus — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, second declension; Function: subject; Translation: the people; Notes: refers to Israel as a whole.
  12. ascendet — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: shall ascend; Notes: repetition intensifies legal restriction.
  13. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: standard marker.
  14. eo — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: him; Notes: refers to Moses.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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