Exodus 24:1

Posted on March 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 24:1 Moysi quoque dixit: Ascende ad Dominum tu, et Aaron, Nadab, et Abiu, et septuaginta senes ex Israel, et adorabitis procul.

And He said to Moyses also: “You, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abiu, and seventy elders of Israel, shall ascend to the LORD, and you shall worship from afar.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Moysi to Moses DAT.SG.M 2ND DECL
2 quoque also ADV
3 dixit he said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
4 Ascende ascend 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 Dominum the LORD ACC.SG.M 2ND DECL
7 tu you NOM.SG PRON PERS
8 et and CONJ
9 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M NOUN
10 Nadab Nadab NOM.SG.M NOUN
11 et and CONJ
12 Abiu Abihu NOM.SG.M NOUN
13 et and CONJ
14 septuaginta seventy INDECL.NUM
15 senes elders NOM.PL.M 3RD DECL
16 ex from PREP+ABL
17 Israel Israel ABL.SG.M INDECL
18 et and CONJ
19 adorabitis you shall worship 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
20 procul from afar ADV

Syntax

Reporting Clause:
Moysi quoque dixit — “And He said to Moses also.”
• Moysi = indirect object (dative).
• dixit = main verb (perfect).

Main Command:
Ascende ad Dominum tu, et Aaron, Nadab, et Abiu, et septuaginta senes ex Israel —
“You, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abiu, and seventy elders of Israel, shall ascend to the LORD.”
• Imperative Ascende governs compound subject list.
• ad Dominum = destination.

Second Command:
et adorabitis procul — “and you shall worship from afar.”
• adorabitis = future indicative functioning as command.
• procul = adverb of distance.

Morphology

  1. Moysi — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine, second declension (Hebrew proper noun adapted to Latin patterns); Function: indirect object; Translation: to Moses; Notes: recipient of speech.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adds “also”; Translation: also; Notes: continues narrative flow.
  3. dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, third person singular; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: he said; Notes: divine speech formula.
  4. Ascende — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative, second person singular; Function: command; Translation: ascend; Notes: addressed first to Moses.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates motion toward; Translation: to; Notes: introduces divine destination.
  6. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: the LORD; Notes: denotes YHWH; translation follows your rule.
  7. tu — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: explicit subject; Translation: you; Notes: Moses is named first.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: links list members.
  9. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: Hebrew name.
  10. Nadab — Lemma: Nadab; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: Nadab; Notes: son of Aaron.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: continues list.
  12. Abiu — Lemma: Abiu; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: Abiu; Notes: Abihu.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: introduces final group.
  14. septuaginta — Lemma: septuaginta; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: quantifier; Translation: seventy; Notes: modifies senes.
  15. senes — Lemma: senex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, third declension; Function: subject; Translation: elders; Notes: leaders of Israel.
  16. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses origin; Translation: from; Notes: marks tribal source.
  17. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine (indeclinable form used in Vulgate); Function: object of ex; Translation: Israel; Notes: ethnic/covenant identity.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links final clause; Translation: and; Notes: transitions to second command.
  19. adorabitis — Lemma: adoro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, second person plural; Function: command to group; Translation: you shall worship; Notes: future indicative used imperatively in legal speech.
  20. procul — Lemma: procul; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies adorabitis; Translation: from afar; Notes: denotes reverent distance.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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