Leviticus 13:13

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:13 considerabit eum sacerdos, et teneri lepra mundissima iudicabit: eo quod omnis in candorem versa sit, et idcirco homo mundus erit.

the priest shall examine him, and shall judge him to be affected by a most white leprosy; because it has all been turned into whiteness and therefore the man shall be clean.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 considerabit he shall examine 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
2 eum him ACC.SG.M PERS.PRON
3 sacerdos priest NOM.SG.M
4 et and CONJ
5 teneri to be affected PRES.PASS.INF
6 lepra by leprosy ABL.SG.F
7 mundissima most white NOM.SG.F ADJ.SUPER
8 iudicabit he shall judge 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
9 eo for this reason ABL.SG.N DEM.PRON
10 quod that CONJ
11 omnis all NOM.SG.F ADJ.POS
12 in into PREP+ACC
13 candorem whiteness ACC.SG.M
14 versa turned NOM.SG.F PTCP.PERF.PASS
15 sit has been 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
16 et and CONJ
17 idcirco therefore ADV
18 homo the man NOM.SG.M
19 mundus clean NOM.SG.M ADJ.POS
20 erit he shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Clause: considerabit eum sacerdos describes the priest’s formal inspection.
Object-Infinitive Construction: teneri lepra mundissima iudicabit expresses the judgment that the man is affected by a very white leprosy.
Causal Clause: eo quod omnis in candorem versa sit gives the reason, using the subjunctive to state the explanatory fact.
Result Clause: idcirco homo mundus erit declares the final legal status.

Morphology

  1. considerabit — Lemma: considero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall examine; Notes: Indicates careful priestly assessment.
  2. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: him; Notes: The individual under examination.
  3. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: priest; Notes: Authorized judge of ritual purity.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links actions; Translation: and; Notes: Connects examination with judgment.
  5. teneri — Lemma: teneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive infinitive; Function: complements iudicabit; Translation: to be affected; Notes: Passive infinitive in indirect statement.
  6. lepra — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: by leprosy; Notes: Indicates the condition affecting the man.
  7. mundissima — Lemma: mundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine superlative; Function: modifies lepra; Translation: most white; Notes: Superlative stresses complete whiteness.
  8. iudicabit — Lemma: iudico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb of judgment; Translation: he shall judge; Notes: Formal legal declaration.
  9. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: part of causal expression; Translation: for this reason; Notes: Introduces explanation.
  10. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: causal; Function: introduces reason; Translation: that; Notes: Explains the basis of the judgment.
  11. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies subject implied; Translation: all; Notes: Refers to the affected area entirely.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: marks result; Translation: into; Notes: Indicates transformation.
  13. candorem — Lemma: candor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: whiteness; Notes: Diagnostic visual state.
  14. versa — Lemma: verto; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive; Function: predicate participle; Translation: turned; Notes: Indicates completed change.
  15. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive active; Function: verb of causal clause; Translation: has been; Notes: Subjunctive used in explanation.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links result; Translation: and; Notes: Connects cause and outcome.
  17. idcirco — Lemma: idcirco; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: marks conclusion; Translation: therefore; Notes: Logical inference.
  18. homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the man; Notes: Person declared clean.
  19. mundus — Lemma: mundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine positive; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: clean; Notes: Ritual purity status.
  20. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: he shall be; Notes: Confirms final state.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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