Leviticus 13:12

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:12 Sin autem effloruerit discurrens lepra in cute, et operuerit omnem cutem a capite usque ad pedes, quidquid sub aspectum oculorum cadit,

But if a spreading leprosy has broken out in the skin, and has covered the whole skin from head to feet, whatever falls under the sight of the eyes,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sin but if CONJ
2 autem however ADV
3 effloruerit has broken out 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
4 discurrens spreading NOM.SG.F PTCP.PRES.ACT
5 lepra leprosy NOM.SG.F
6 in in PREP+ABL
7 cute skin ABL.SG.F
8 et and CONJ
9 operuerit has covered 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
10 omnem all ACC.SG.F ADJ.POS
11 cutem skin ACC.SG.F
12 a from PREP+ABL
13 capite head ABL.SG.N
14 usque as far as ADV
15 ad to PREP+ACC
16 pedes feet ACC.PL.M
17 quidquid whatever NOM.SG.N INDEF.PRON
18 sub under PREP+ACC
19 aspectum sight ACC.SG.M
20 oculorum of eyes GEN.PL.M
21 cadit falls 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Conditional Clause: Sin autem effloruerit discurrens lepra in cute introduces an alternative case using a perfect subjunctive with a present participle modifying the subject.
Coordinated Result: et operuerit omnem cutem adds a second diagnostic criterion with another perfect subjunctive.
Extent Phrase: a capite usque ad pedes expresses total bodily coverage from top to bottom.
Relative-Indefinite Clause: quidquid sub aspectum oculorum cadit summarizes the visible range, functioning appositionally to emphasize completeness.

Morphology

  1. Sin — Lemma: sin; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: introduces alternative case; Translation: but if; Notes: Marks a contrasting legal scenario.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adds contrast; Translation: however; Notes: Reinforces opposition to prior ruling.
  3. effloruerit — Lemma: effloresco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of condition; Translation: has broken out; Notes: Indicates sudden outward spread.
  4. discurrens — Lemma: discurro; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine present active; Function: modifies lepra; Translation: spreading; Notes: Emphasizes movement and expansion.
  5. lepra — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: leprosy; Notes: Ritual skin disease under judgment.
  6. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: in; Notes: Specifies bodily site.
  7. cute — Lemma: cutis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: skin; Notes: Surface of the body.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Joins diagnostic criteria.
  9. operuerit — Lemma: operio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of condition; Translation: has covered; Notes: Indicates total coverage.
  10. omnem — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies cutem; Translation: all; Notes: Stresses completeness.
  11. cutem — Lemma: cutis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: skin; Notes: Entire body surface.
  12. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks starting point; Translation: from; Notes: Introduces range.
  13. capite — Lemma: caput; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of a; Translation: head; Notes: Upper extremity.
  14. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: intensifies range; Translation: as far as; Notes: Used with ad to mark extent.
  15. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: marks endpoint; Translation: to; Notes: Completes range expression.
  16. pedes — Lemma: pes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: feet; Notes: Lower extremity.
  17. quidquid — Lemma: quidquid; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of cadit; Translation: whatever; Notes: Encompasses everything visible.
  18. sub — Lemma: sub; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: marks relation; Translation: under; Notes: Used figuratively with sight.
  19. aspectum — Lemma: aspectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of sub; Translation: sight; Notes: Visual perception.
  20. oculorum — Lemma: oculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies aspectum; Translation: of eyes; Notes: Specifies human sight.
  21. cadit — Lemma: cado; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: verb of clause; Translation: falls; Notes: Idiomatic for coming into view.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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