Leviticus 2:14

Posted on April 2, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 2:14 Si autem obtuleris munus primarum frugum tuarum Domino de spicis adhuc virentibus, torrebis igni, et confringes in morem farris, et sic offeres primitias tuas Domino,

But if you shall offer as a gift to the LORD the firstfruits of your produce from ears still green, you shall roast them with fire, and you shall crumble them in the manner of grain, and thus you shall offer your firstfruits to the LORD,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ
2 autem however ADV, INDECL
3 obtuleris you shall offer VERB, 2SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
4 munus gift NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 3RD DECL
5 primarum of the first ADJ, GEN.PL.F, SUPER
6 frugum of fruits NOUN, GEN.PL.F, 3RD DECL
7 tuarum of your PRON, GEN.PL.F, POSS
8 Domino to the LORD NOUN, DAT.SG.M, 2ND DECL
9 de from PREP+ABL
10 spicis ears NOUN, ABL.PL.F, 3RD DECL
11 adhuc still ADV, INDECL
12 virentibus green PTCP, ABL.PL.F, PRES.ACT
13 torrebis you shall roast VERB, 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
14 igni with fire NOUN, ABL.SG.M, 3RD DECL
15 et and CONJ
16 confringes you shall crush VERB, 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
17 in in PREP+ACC
18 morem manner NOUN, ACC.SG.M, 3RD DECL
19 farris of grain NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 3RD DECL
20 et and CONJ
21 sic thus ADV, INDECL
22 offeres you shall offer VERB, 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
23 primitias firstfruits NOUN, ACC.PL.F, 3RD DECL
24 tuas your PRON, ACC.PL.F, POSS
25 Domino to the LORD NOUN, DAT.SG.M, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Conditional Clause: Si autem obtuleris munus primarum frugum tuarum Domino — sets the condition for offering firstfruits, with obtuleris as a future-perfect expressing required prior action.
Source Phrase: de spicis adhuc virentibus — indicates material from which the offering is taken, ears still green.
Main Sequence of Commands: torrebis igni, confringes in morem farris, sic offeres primitias tuas Domino — three obligatory ritual actions: roast, crush, and offer.
Adverbial Element: sic — indicates proper ritual procedure (“thus”).

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces conditional clause; Translation: if; Notes: standard marker for legal hypotheticals.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adds contrastive nuance; Translation: however; Notes: common connective in ritual stipulations.
  3. obtuleris — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: verb of conditional clause; Translation: you shall offer; Notes: indicates an action presupposed before further ritual duties.
  4. munus — Lemma: munus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of obtuleris; Translation: gift; Notes: general sacrificial or votive offering.
  5. primarum — Lemma: primus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural feminine superlative; Function: modifies frugum; Translation: of the first; Notes: belongs to the technical vocabulary of firstfruits.
  6. frugum — Lemma: frux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: genitive dependent on primarum; Translation: of fruits; Notes: indicates agricultural produce.
  7. tuarum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: of your; Notes: refers to the offerer’s produce.
  8. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: recipient of the sacrificial gift.
  9. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: from; Notes: marks origin of firstfruits.
  10. spicis — Lemma: spica; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: ears; Notes: refers to stalks of grain.
  11. adhuc — Lemma: adhuc; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies virentibus; Translation: still; Notes: denotes unripe condition.
  12. virentibus — Lemma: vireo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative plural feminine present active; Function: modifies spicis; Translation: green; Notes: describes the unripe state of the grain.
  13. torrebis — Lemma: torreo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future active indicative; Function: command-like main verb; Translation: you shall roast; Notes: first action in preparatory ritual.
  14. igni — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of instrument; Translation: with fire; Notes: actual roasting method.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links sequential commands; Translation: and; Notes: coordinates ritual steps.
  16. confringes — Lemma: confringo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall crush; Notes: describes preparation into coarse grain.
  17. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses manner; Translation: in; Notes: introduces idiomatic phrase.
  18. morem — Lemma: mos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: manner; Notes: ritual method.
  19. farris — Lemma: far; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: genitive of comparison; Translation: of grain; Notes: describes how the crushed ears resemble meal.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links final command; Translation: and; Notes: marks final ritual step.
  21. sic — Lemma: sic; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: manner adverb; Translation: thus; Notes: emphasizes proper ritual technique.
  22. offeres — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future active indicative; Function: concluding imperative-like verb; Translation: you shall offer; Notes: completes the ritual sequence.
  23. primitias — Lemma: primitia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: firstfruits; Notes: technical term for offerings from earliest produce.
  24. tuas — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies primitias; Translation: your; Notes: stresses personal obligation.
  25. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: identifies recipient of the firstfruits.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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