Leviticus 23:13

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:13 Et libamenta offerentur cum eo, duæ decimæ similæ conspersæ oleo in incensum Domini, odoremque suavissimum: liba quoque vini, quarta pars hin.

And drink offerings shall be offered with it, two tenths of fine flour mixed with oil as an offering by fire to the LORD, a most pleasing aroma; and also a drink offering of wine, a fourth part of a hin.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 libamenta drink offerings NOM.PL.N
3 offerentur shall be offered 3PL.FUT.PASS.IND
4 cum with PREP+ABL
5 eo it ABL.SG.M.DEM
6 duæ two NOM.PL.F.NUM.ADJ
7 decimæ tenths NOM.PL.F
8 similæ fine flour GEN.SG.F
9 conspersæ mixed NOM.PL.F.PTCP.PERF.PASS
10 oleo with oil ABL.SG.N
11 in as PREP+ACC
12 incensum offering by fire ACC.SG.N
13 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
14 odoremque and aroma ACC.SG.M+CONJ
15 suavissimum most pleasing ACC.SG.M.ADJ.SUPER
16 liba drink offering NOM.PL.N
17 quoque also ADV
18 vini of wine GEN.SG.N
19 quarta fourth NOM.SG.F.NUM.ADJ
20 pars part NOM.SG.F
21 hin hin INDECL

Syntax

Accompanying Offering: Et libamenta offerentur cum eo — passive future indicating mandated drink offerings presented together with the principal sacrifice.
Specification of Measure: duæ decimæ similæ conspersæ oleo — nominative phrase defining the grain component, with a perfect passive participle describing preparation.
Purpose and Recipient: in incensum Domini — prepositional phrase marking the offering as a fire-offering belonging to YHWH.
Resulting Effect: odoremque suavissimum — accusative of result describing the pleasing aroma produced.
Additional Libation: liba quoque vini, quarta pars hin — appositional construction specifying the wine measure.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Continues the sacrificial instructions.
  2. libamenta — Lemma: libamentum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: subject; Translation: “drink offerings”; Notes: Liquid accompaniments to sacrifices.
  3. offerentur — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person plural future passive indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “shall be offered”; Notes: Legislative future in the passive voice.
  4. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: “with”; Notes: Indicates association with the main offering.
  5. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of cum; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to the lamb offering.
  6. duæ — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: Numeral adjective; Form: nominative feminine plural; Function: modifies decimæ; Translation: “two”; Notes: Specifies quantity.
  7. decimæ — Lemma: decima; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine plural; Function: subject complement; Translation: “tenths”; Notes: Standard cultic measure.
  8. similæ — Lemma: simila; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: descriptive genitive; Translation: “of fine flour”; Notes: Refined grain used for offerings.
  9. conspersæ — Lemma: conspergo; Part of Speech: Verb (participle); Form: nominative feminine plural perfect passive participle; Function: modifies decimæ; Translation: “mixed”; Notes: Describes preparation with oil.
  10. oleo — Lemma: oleum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: means; Translation: “with oil”; Notes: Essential component of grain offerings.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: purpose; Translation: “as”; Notes: Marks transformation into a fire-offering.
  12. incensum — Lemma: incensum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of in; Translation: “offering by fire”; Notes: Burnt offering producing aroma.
  13. Domini — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as recipient.
  14. odoremque — Lemma: odor; Part of Speech: Noun with enclitic conjunction; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: result accusative; Translation: “and aroma”; Notes: Enclitic -que links effect to the offering.
  15. suavissimum — Lemma: suavis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative masculine singular superlative; Function: modifies odorem; Translation: “most pleasing”; Notes: Superlative expressing divine favor.
  16. liba — Lemma: libum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: subject of implied verb; Translation: “drink offering”; Notes: Liquid offering component.
  17. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: additive; Translation: “also”; Notes: Adds further specification.
  18. vini — Lemma: vinum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive neuter singular; Function: descriptive genitive; Translation: “of wine”; Notes: Substance of the libation.
  19. quarta — Lemma: quartus; Part of Speech: Numeral adjective; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: modifies pars; Translation: “fourth”; Notes: Fractional measure.
  20. pars — Lemma: pars; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: appositional measure; Translation: “part”; Notes: Quantitative specification.
  21. hin — Lemma: hin; Part of Speech: Indeclinable noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: unit of measure; Translation: “hin”; Notes: Hebrew liquid measure used in cultic law.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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