Leviticus 27:11

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 27:11 Animal immundum, quod immolari Domino non potest, si quis voverit, adducetur ante sacerdotem.

An unclean animal, which cannot be offered to the LORD, if anyone will have vowed it, will be led before the priest.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Animal animal NOUN.NOM.SG.N
2 immundum unclean ADJ.NOM.SG.N
3 quod which PRON.REL.NOM.SG.N
4 immolari to be offered PRES.PASS.INF
5 Domino to the LORD NOUN.DAT.SG.M
6 non not ADV
7 potest is able 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
8 si if CONJ
9 quis anyone PRON.INDEF.NOM.SG.C
10 voverit will have vowed 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
11 adducetur will be led 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
12 ante before PREP+ACC
13 sacerdotem priest NOUN.ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Animal immundum (subject with adjective) + adducetur (finite verb passive future)

Phrase: ante sacerdotem — prepositional phrase giving destination or setting

Relative Clause: quod (relative subject referring to Animal) + immolari (passive infinitive) + potest (verb of ability) with non negation

Dative: Domino — dative with immolari marking the one to whom the offering would be made

Conditional Clause: si + quis (subject) + voverit (verb) — condition under which the procedure applies

Morphology

  1. Animal — Lemma: animal; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter third declension; Function: subject of adducetur; Translation: animal; Notes: neuter subject introduced for legal classification.
  2. immundum — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter first and second declension; Function: modifies Animal; Translation: unclean; Notes: marks ritual status that restricts sacrificial use.
  3. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of the relative clause referring to Animal; Translation: which; Notes: ties the legal restriction directly to the animal described.
  4. immolari — Lemma: immolare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive infinitive first conjugation; Function: complementary infinitive with potest; Translation: to be offered; Notes: passive keeps focus on the act permitted or forbidden for the object.
  5. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine second declension; Function: dative with immolari marking the recipient; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: here Dominus refers to YHWH so the English is LORD.
  6. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates potest; Translation: not; Notes: denies permission or capability in the legal statement.
  7. potest — Lemma: posse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: governs the infinitive immolari; Translation: is able; Notes: expresses permitted ability within a rule context.
  8. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces the condition; Translation: if; Notes: signals a procedural branch based on a human act.
  9. quis — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular common gender; Function: subject of voverit; Translation: anyone; Notes: indefinite subject keeps the rule general and comprehensive.
  10. voverit — Lemma: vovere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive second conjugation; Function: verb of the conditional clause; Translation: will have vowed; Notes: legal conditional form marking a completed vow before the stated result.
  11. adducetur — Lemma: adducere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative third conjugation; Function: main verb stating required action; Translation: will be led; Notes: passive implies an agent is understood such as the one who vowed or an official.
  12. ante — Lemma: ante; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces the prepositional phrase with sacerdotem; Translation: before; Notes: indicates presentation for examination or ruling.
  13. sacerdotem — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine third declension; Function: object of ante; Translation: priest; Notes: the priest functions as the authorized evaluator in vow related cases.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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