Leviticus 27:23

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

23 supputabit sacerdos iuxta annorum numerum usque ad iubileum, pretium: et dabit ille qui voverat eum, Domino.

the priest will calculate the price according to the number of the years up to the jubilee, and he who had vowed it will give it to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 supputabit will calculate 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
2 sacerdos priest NOUN.NOM.SG.M
3 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
4 annorum of years NOUN.GEN.PL.M
5 numerum number NOUN.ACC.SG.M
6 usque up to ADV
7 ad to PREP+ACC
8 iubileum jubilee NOUN.ACC.SG.N
9 pretium price NOUN.ACC.SG.N
10 et and CONJ
11 dabit will give 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
12 ille that one PRON.DEM.NOM.SG.M
13 qui who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.M
14 voverat had vowed 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
15 eum it PRON.DEM.ACC.SG.M
16 Domino to the LORD NOUN.DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause 1: sacerdos (subject) + supputabit (future verb) + pretium (direct object).

Standard Phrase: iuxta annorum numerum — prepositional phrase indicating the basis of calculation; annorum is a dependent genitive modifying numerum.

Extent Phrase: usque ad iubileum — indicates temporal limit.

Main Clause 2: ille (subject) defined by relative clause qui voverat + dabit (verb) + eum (object) + Domino (dative of recipient).

Morphology

  1. supputabit — Lemma: supputare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative first conjugation; Function: main verb of first clause; Translation: will calculate; Notes: denotes formal numerical computation.
  2. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine third declension; Function: subject of supputabit; Translation: priest; Notes: official assessor of value.
  3. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: introduces standard of calculation; Translation: according to; Notes: signals proportional assessment.
  4. annorum — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine second declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying numerum; Translation: of years; Notes: refers to years remaining until jubilee.
  5. numerum — Lemma: numerus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine second declension; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: number; Notes: total of years forming valuation basis.
  6. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies ad to emphasize limit; Translation: up to; Notes: intensifies temporal boundary.
  7. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: introduces endpoint; Translation: to; Notes: marks limit of years.
  8. iubileum — Lemma: iubileum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: jubilee; Notes: fiftieth-year release cycle.
  9. pretium — Lemma: pretium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter second declension; Function: direct object of supputabit; Translation: price; Notes: monetary valuation of field.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links two coordinated clauses; Translation: and; Notes: connects calculation with payment.
  11. dabit — Lemma: dare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative first conjugation; Function: main verb of second clause; Translation: will give; Notes: indicates required payment.
  12. ille — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of dabit; Translation: that one; Notes: refers to the original vower.
  13. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: identifies the person tied to the vow.
  14. voverat — Lemma: vovere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect active indicative second conjugation; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: had vowed; Notes: marks prior completed vow.
  15. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of dabit; Translation: it; Notes: refers to the calculated price or field value.
  16. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine second declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH as recipient of payment.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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