Leviticus 27:13

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 27:13 quod si dare voluerit is, qui offert, addet supra æstimationem quintam partem.

But if he who offers will have wished to give, he will add a fifth part above the valuation.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 quod but CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 dare to give PRES.ACT.INF
4 voluerit will have wished 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
5 is he PRON.DEM.NOM.SG.M
6 qui who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.M
7 offert offers 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
8 addet will add 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
9 supra above PREP+ACC
10 æstimationem valuation NOUN.ACC.SG.F
11 quintam fifth ADJ.ACC.SG.F
12 partem part NOUN.ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Conditional Introduction: quod functions adversatively, transitioning to a new legal provision.

Conditional Clause (Protasis): si + voluerit with complementary infinitive dare.

Subject of Protasis: is qualified by relative clause qui + offert.

Main Clause (Apodosis): addet (future main verb).

Direct Object: quintam partem.

Prepositional Phrase: supra + æstimationem — indicates the base valuation over which the additional fifth is added.

Morphology

  1. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adversative connector introducing new condition; Translation: but; Notes: shifts from previous rule to supplemental clause.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces conditional protasis; Translation: if; Notes: marks contingency.
  3. dare — Lemma: dare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive first conjugation; Function: complementary infinitive with voluerit; Translation: to give; Notes: expresses intended action.
  4. voluerit — Lemma: velle; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of protasis; Translation: will have wished; Notes: legal conditional form indicating completed volition prior to result.
  5. is — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of voluerit and addet; Translation: he; Notes: refers to the offerer.
  6. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: identifies the offerer.
  7. offert — Lemma: offerre; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: offers; Notes: present tense describing characteristic action.
  8. addet — Lemma: addere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative third conjugation; Function: main verb of apodosis; Translation: will add; Notes: expresses obligatory legal consequence.
  9. supra — Lemma: supra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces phrase of excess; Translation: above; Notes: indicates addition beyond stated valuation.
  10. æstimationem — Lemma: æstimatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine third declension; Function: object of supra; Translation: valuation; Notes: denotes assessed value by priest.
  11. quintam — Lemma: quintus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies partem; Translation: fifth; Notes: ordinal adjective specifying fraction.
  12. partem — Lemma: pars; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine third declension; Function: direct object of addet; Translation: part; Notes: indicates additional one-fifth surcharge.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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