Leviticus 27:14

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 27:14 Homo si voverit domum suam, et sanctificaverit Domino, considerabit eam sacerdos utrum bona an mala sit, et iuxta pretium, quod ab eo fuerit constitutum, venundabitur:

If a man will have vowed his house, and will have consecrated it to the LORD, the priest will assess it whether it be good or bad, and according to the price, which will have been established by him, it will be sold;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Homo man NOUN.NOM.SG.M
2 si if CONJ
3 voverit will have vowed 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
4 domum house NOUN.ACC.SG.F
5 suam his PRON.POSS.ACC.SG.F
6 et and CONJ
7 sanctificaverit will have consecrated 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
8 Domino to the LORD NOUN.DAT.SG.M
9 considerabit will assess 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
10 eam it PRON.DEM.ACC.SG.F
11 sacerdos priest NOUN.NOM.SG.M
12 utrum whether CONJ
13 bona good ADJ.NOM.SG.F
14 an or CONJ
15 mala bad ADJ.NOM.SG.F
16 sit may be 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
17 et and CONJ
18 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
19 pretium price NOUN.ACC.SG.N
20 quod which PRON.REL.ACC.SG.N
21 ab by PREP+ABL
22 eo him PRON.DEM.ABL.SG.M
23 fuerit will have been 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
24 constitutum established PERF.PASS.PTCP.NOM.SG.N
25 venundabitur will be sold 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND

Syntax

Conditional Clause (Protasis): Homo (subject) + si + voverit (verb) + domum suam (direct object), coordinated with et + sanctificaverit (second verb) + dative Domino.

Main Clause: sacerdos (subject) + considerabit (verb) + eam (object).

Indirect Alternative Question: utrum … an frames alternatives; bona and mala are predicate adjectives with sit (subjunctive in dependent question) describing the house.

Result / Procedure Clause: et adds the consequence: prepositional phrase iuxta + pretium sets the standard.

Relative Clause: quod refers to pretium; agent phrase ab eo identifies the priest; fuerit + constitutum expresses “will have been established.”

Final Predicate: venundabitur (future passive) states what happens to the house under the assessed price.

Morphology

  1. Homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine third declension; Function: subject of voverit and sanctificaverit; Translation: man; Notes: introduces the person initiating the vow procedure.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces conditional protasis; Translation: if; Notes: sets the legal condition that triggers the assessment.
  3. voverit — Lemma: vovere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive second conjugation; Function: verb of the protasis; Translation: will have vowed; Notes: legal Latin uses this form to mark a completed vow before the stated outcome.
  4. domum — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine fourth declension; Function: direct object of voverit; Translation: house; Notes: denotes a dwelling as the vowed property.
  5. suam — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies domum; Translation: his; Notes: reflexive possessive ties ownership to the subject Homo.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinator; Function: links the two actions in the protasis; Translation: and; Notes: joins vow and consecration as a single procedural unit.
  7. sanctificaverit — Lemma: sanctificare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive first conjugation; Function: second verb of the protasis; Translation: will have consecrated; Notes: expresses dedication of the house to sacred status.
  8. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine second declension; Function: dative of recipient with sanctificaverit; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: Dominus here refers to YHWH as the recipient of consecration.
  9. considerabit — Lemma: considerare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative first conjugation; Function: main verb of the assessment clause; Translation: will assess; Notes: denotes formal evaluation for valuation purposes.
  10. eam — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of considerabit; Translation: it; Notes: refers back to domum.
  11. sacerdos — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine third declension; Function: subject of considerabit; Translation: priest; Notes: the authorized evaluator who sets the valuation.
  12. utrum — Lemma: utrum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable interrogative particle; Function: introduces indirect alternative question; Translation: whether; Notes: regularly paired with an to present two options.
  13. bona — Lemma: bonus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective with sit; Translation: good; Notes: agrees with domus understood from context.
  14. an — Lemma: an; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces the second alternative; Translation: or; Notes: balances utrum in the alternative question.
  15. mala — Lemma: malus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective with sit; Translation: bad; Notes: contrasts with bona for evaluative judgment.
  16. sit — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of the dependent alternative question; Translation: may be; Notes: subjunctive marks dependence and deliberation under evaluation.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable coordinator; Function: adds the subsequent procedural outcome; Translation: and; Notes: links assessment with the resulting sale rule.
  18. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the accusative; Function: introduces the standard of measurement; Translation: according to; Notes: sets the rule of alignment with the determined valuation.
  19. pretium — Lemma: pretium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter second declension; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: price; Notes: the assessed value used as the basis for sale.
  20. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of constitutum in the relative clause, referring to pretium; Translation: which; Notes: binds the sale to the specific price that was fixed.
  21. ab — Lemma: ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces agent phrase; Translation: by; Notes: marks the priest as the one who sets the valuation.
  22. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of ab; Translation: him; Notes: refers to sacerdos as the assessor.
  23. fuerit — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: auxiliary in the relative clause with constitutum; Translation: will have been; Notes: legal tense choice presenting the valuation as already fixed when sale occurs.
  24. constitutum — Lemma: constituere; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate participle with fuerit describing pretium; Translation: established; Notes: denotes an officially determined and settled price.
  25. venundabitur — Lemma: venundare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative first conjugation; Function: main verb stating outcome for the house; Translation: will be sold; Notes: passive indicates the house is subject to sale under the priest’s valuation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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